女子篮球运动员月经周期中PWC＿（170）及Vo＿2max的变化规律初探

本研究的目的在于观察女子有氧工作能力在月经周期各时相中的变化规律及特征。经严格统一标准划分月经周期各时相，以卡尔普曼方法测定受试者各时相ＰＷＣ１７０值，并据Ａｓ－ｔｒａｎｄ公式推算出Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ。结果显示：ＰＷＣ１７０及Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ呈同步变化效应，两项指标测定值由低到高的顺序均为：经前期、经期＜卵泡期，排卵期＜黄体期。Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１，而且ＰＷＣ１７０与Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ在各时相均呈现高反正相关。结果表明，受试者月经周期黄体期具有较强的有氧工作能力，机体承受负荷的能力亦强于其它时相，这也提示我们以Ｖｏｘｎａｘ、ＰＷＣ１７０两项指标来综合评价运动员有氧工作能力具有一定实际意义和应用价值。     

有氧运动联合膳食干预对2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌AMPK含量和活性的影响

目的探讨有氧运动联合膳食干预对2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌AMPK活性和蛋白含量的影响。方法 6周龄雄性SD大鼠62只,随机抽取8只大鼠作为正常对照组(C组,n=8),喂以标准普通饲料。其余54只在喂饲高糖高脂膳食的基础上,腹腔注射小剂量的链脲佐菌素(STZ),建立2型糖尿病动物模型。然后将2型糖尿病大鼠随机分成4组:DM对照组(DM,n=9)、DM+运动锻炼组(DME,n=10)、DM+膳食控制组(DMD,n=10)、DM+运动锻炼+膳食控制组(DMED,n=10)。DM组大鼠继续喂饲高脂高糖饲料,不进行运动锻炼;运动锻炼采用每天进行60 min的无负重游泳运动,每周6次;膳食控制采用与DM组等量的标准普通饲料。12周后,检测各组大鼠FPG、FINS、骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性。结果 (1)与C组相比,DM组大鼠FPG显著升高(P<0.01),FINS显著降低(P<0.01)。双因素方差分析显示,与DM组相比,DME组FPG显著性降(P<0.05),FINS虽有上升,但没有显著性差异(P>0.05);DMD组FINS显著升高(P<0.05),但FPG没有显著性变化(P>0.05);运动联合膳食控制对糖尿病大鼠FPG、FINS均无显著性交互作用。(2)与C组相比,DM组大鼠骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性均显著性下降(P<0.01,P<0.05);双因素方差分析显示,与DM组相比,DME组骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性均有显著升高(P<0.05、P<0.01)。DMD组骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性均无显著性变化。运动联合膳食控制对糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性均无显著性交互作用。结论 (1)研究成功复制了2型糖尿病大鼠模型,而有氧运动锻炼对2型糖尿病大鼠具有显著的干预作用。(2)2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性显著降低,有氧运动锻炼不仅有效地提高2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌AMPK含量,而且可显著增加AMPK活性,对改善2型糖尿病机体的糖脂代谢具有非常重要的作用,但膳食控制对其作用不明显。     

高住低练对有氧运动能力的影响

高住低练(HiLo)训练法是由高原训练发展而来。本文讨论了HiLo与传统高原训练法的区别,以及HiLo对机体有氧运动能力的影响。有研究表明,HiLo不仅能引起与高原训练相类似的增强有氧运动能力的有效生理刺激,同时又避免了高原训练不能维持相应运动强度的不足。HiLo一方面改善了机体呼吸系统、心肺系统的功能,另一方面,HiLo增强了机体的抗氧化能力,有效的延缓机体疲劳的产生,从而使机体的有氧运动能力得到提高。但值得注意的足,HiLo所产生的训练效果会受到训练持续时间、运动项目及运动员的个体差异等的影响。     

有氧健身操锻炼对1年级女大学生个性心理影响的研究

本文采用艾森克量表EPQ对聊城大学1年级女大学生230人个性心理进行测试，探讨了有氧健身操锻炼对我校1年级女生个性心理的影响。研究结果表明：经过4周有氧健身操锻炼，能使我校1年级女大学生个性心理外向性增强、情绪稳定、适应性和心理承受能力增强，自身隐蔽性降低、较诚实、个性心理健康，并根据结论提出一些建议。     

我国健美操科研论文现状探析

目前我国健美操科研正处于起步阶段。本文查阅了我国1997—2001年期间的434篇健美操科研论文。将我国现有健美操科研所涉及的内容分为教学与训练、竞赛与规则、健美操与全民健身、其他等四大类别进行分析探讨。对我国健美操科研中存在的诸多不足，提出了建议与对策，为深入我国健美操的科研提供参考。     

Temporal trends in 6-minute walking distance for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017

BackgroundThe 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) is an excellent measure of both functional endurance and health. The primary aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in 6MWD for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017; the secondary aim was to estimate concurrent trends in body size (i.e., height and mass) and self-reported participation in exercise/sport.MethodsAdults aged 65–79 years were included. Annual nationally representative 6MWD data (n = 103,505) for the entire period were obtained from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Temporal trends in means (and relative frequencies) were estimated at the gender–age level by best-fitting sample-weighted linear/polynomial regression models, with national trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Temporal trends in distributional variability were estimated as the ratio of coefficients of variation.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2017 there was a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD (absolute = 45 m (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 43–47); percent = 8.0% (95%CI: 7.6%–8.4%); effect size = 0.51 (95%CI: 0.48–0.54)). Gender- and age-related temporal differences in means were negligible. Variability in 6MWD declined substantially (ratio of coefficients of variation = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87–0.92), with declines larger for women compared to men, and for 75–79-year-olds compared to 65–74-year-olds. Correspondingly, there were moderate and negligible increases in mean height and mass, respectively, and negligible increases in the percentage who participated in exercise/sport at least 3 days per week and at least 30 min per session.ConclusionThere has been a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD for older Japanese adults since 1998, which is suggestive of corresponding improvements in both functional endurance and health. The substantial decline in variability indicates that the temporal improvement in mean 6MWD was not uniform across the distribution. Trends in 6MWD are probably influenced by corresponding trends in body size and/or participation in exercise/sport.     

Feasibility and concurrent validity of a cardiorespiratory fitness test based on the adaptation of the original 20 m shuttle run: The 20 m shuttle run with music

ABSTRACT

The purpose was to examine the feasibility of the 20m shuttle run test with music and to test its concurrent validity with the original 20m shuttle run test. A total of 386 adolescents (14.5±1.6 years old, 48.9% boys) participated in our study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess student’s perception about the 20m shuttle run test with music and the original and to assess perceived exertion. Participants performed randomly the 20m shuttle run test with music and original two weeks apart. Average and maximum heart rate were monitored with heart rate monitors. The 20m shuttle run with music was a feasible test for measuring cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. The concurrent validity showed mean differences of 5.1±14.6 for shuttles, 0.3±0.8 km/h for speed, 0.5±4.1 for stages, and 1.5±4.1 for VO2max (all p<0.001) in favour of the 20m shuttle run with music vs. the original 20m shuttle run test. Mean difference for the rating of perceived exertion was 0.4±2.5 points (p=0.003). No significant difference was found between boys and girls. In conclusion, the 20mSRT-music is feasible and presents a good concurrent validity in adolescents, independently of the sex and it will be an alternative and good approach to assess cardiorespiratory fitness.     

Better Economy on Indoor Track Compared to Treadmill Running With 1% Inclination

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in metabolic responses between the track and the treadmill (1% inclination) running. The latter is recommended for use in laboratory settings to mimic outdoor running. Method: Seventeen male endurance athletes (mean 25.8, s = 3.8 years) performed 4-min running bouts on an indoor track and the treadmill. Results: At all speeds (11, 13, and 15 km·h^?1) athletes showed better economy on the track running compared to the treadmill expressed as oxygen (7.9%, 5.2%, and 2.8%) and caloric (7.0%, 5.3%, and 2.6%) unit cost. Rating of perceived exertion was evaluated substantially higher at all speeds on the treadmill (F(1,16) = 31.45, p < .001, η²_p = .663) compared to running on the track. Participants presented lower heart rate (F(1,16) = 13.74, p = .002, η²_p = .462) on the track at the speed of 11 and 13 km·h^?1 compared to the treadmill, but not at 15 km·h^?1 (p = .021). Conclusions: We conclude that constant inclination (i.e.. 1%) during the treadmill test might not be suitable to reproduce comparable effort to running on the track; rather, there is an optimal treadmill inclination for different intensities to reproduce similar effort compared to the track running.     

浅析《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》的发展

采用文献资料法、录像分析法、专家访谈法和数理统计法对《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》的指导思想、动作特点及编排特征进行分析,了解《全国健美操大众锻炼标准》的发展,为今后的《标准》修改及制定提供理论与实践依据。     

运动因子对大学生有氧体适能的影响

目的:探询不同运动因子对大学生有氧体适能的影响。方法:通过实验法,问卷法取得原始数据,采用CROSSTAB统计法对数据进行统计分析。结论:规律运动、运动频率多于3次/每周、每次运动时间30-60分钟、合适的运动项目对大学生有氧体适能水平有较为积极的影响。