钒盐与耐力训练干预对糖尿病大鼠代谢的影响

糖尿病作为全身代谢性疾病,为了进一步探讨特殊营养和耐力运动因素对糖尿病实施非药物控制治疗的认识,本研究在建立糖尿病大鼠模型的基础上,通过6周耐力训练、钒硫酸盐的单因素或与运动组合方式的干预性治疗,运用对比分析,从血液生化、糖、血乳酸代谢动力学方面观察了糖尿病代谢紊乱的不同适应性变化。6周钒盐的强化补充结合耐力训练空腹血糖降至6.21±1.41mmol/L(P<0.05),胰岛素恢复至18.16±2.17U/ml(P<0.05),耐力运动结合补钒盐较大程度地改善糖尿病糖和胰岛激素代谢的紊乱特征;实验中胰岛激素浓度有独立的适应性变化,提示钒盐在糖尿病治疗中的意义,以及结合耐力运动干预对胰岛细胞和血糖控制的整体作用与外周胰岛素敏感性变化的概念有可能不同;首次观察到与血糖动力学同步的OGTT血乳酸动力学过程的特点,可能反映糖尿病治疗和病情发展的诊断指标。钒盐用于控制糖尿病病程,需要进一步认识其可能机制。     

HiLo(高住低训)——耐力训练的新方法

自 1990年美国学者Dr.Leving提出HiLo (高原居住、低处训练 )的新方法 ,越来越受到人们重视 ,实践证明这是比传统高原训练更行之有效的方法之一 ,本文以比较的角度介绍此方法 ,旨在引起我国体育工作者的重视 ,加强这方面的认识。     

提高学生耐力素质的实验研究

文章根据运动心理学、运动生理学和运动训练法的基本原理,在体育课上设计了四种不同教学方法,进行实验研究,并收到了良好的教学效果。     

武术竞赛项目套路演练后血乳酸的变化

对武术运动中竞赛项目套路的供能方式和代谢特点进行了初步探讨.实验结果显示,男、女运动员套路演练后血乳酸浓度、即刻心率、尿蛋白分别为11.37±1.39和10.09±1.41mmol/L、183.6±5.6和191.8±5.76次/min、66.8±39.8和115.0±96.4mg/min.L.提示,1min 20s左右的武术竞赛项目套路演练与运动时间在1～2min之间的游泳全力游和中长跑的代谢供能特点是基本一致的,是一项以糖酵解供能方式为主的运动项目.因此.有针对性地发展乳酸能系统,提高身体对乳酸的耐受能力,是武术教学训练中不可忽略的问题.     

大众健美操锻炼对肢体协调性及心功能的影响

健美操运动是人们喜爱参加的体育运动项目,是实现《全民健身计划纲要》的重要途径之一。现代体育的发展要求健美操的锻炼具有科学性。基于这一认识,文章就大众健美操创编的合理性和对人体影响的有效性进行探讨,为大众健美操科学地向前发展提供参考依据。     

Aerobic training alone or combined with strength training affects fitness in elderly: Randomized trial

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate if combined strength and aerobic training can enhance aerobic capacity in the elderly to a similar extent as aerobic training alone when training duration is matched. Methods: Elderly men and women (age 63.2?±?4.7) were randomized into two intervention groups: an aerobic group (AG, n?=?17) and a combined group (CG, n?=?16). Subjects trained 40?minutes three times a week for 12 weeks. Both groups trained 20 minutes at 65% of heart rate reserve on ergometer cycles followed by another 20 minutes on the ergometer cycles for AG and 20-minute strength training for the lower body for CG. The primary outcome was VO₂max. Secondary outcomes were maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in isometric knee extension, 1 repetition maximum in three leg exercises, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure and score on the Health Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36). Results: Both groups improved VO₂max (p?<?.01) and MVC (p?<?.001). VO₂max increased 17% confidence interval (CI) [7.4–26] in CG and 26% CI [14.1–38.2] in AG, with no significant difference between groups. MVC increased 22% CI [16.3–27.7] in CG and 9% CI [4.6–13.5] in AG with CG improving MVC more than AG (p?<?.01). CG's score on the general health dimension on the SF-36 health survey improved more than AG's score. Conclusion: Elderly can substitute a part of their aerobic training with strength training and still improve VO₂max to a clinically significant degree when strength training is performed with large muscle groups subsequently to the aerobic training. Combined training additionally improves strength and self-assessed general health more than aerobic training alone.     

Characterisation of baroreflex sensitivity of recreational ultra-endurance athletes

Abstract

Altered autonomic function has been identified following ultra-endurance event participation among elite world-class athletes. Despite dramatic increases in recreational athlete participation in these ultra-endurance events, the physiological effects on these athletes are less known. This investigation sought to characterise changes in surrogate measures of autonomic function: heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) following ultra-endurance race participation. Further, we sought to compare baseline measures among ultra-endurance athletes and recreationally active controls not participating in the ultra-endurance race. Recreational ultra-endurance athletes (n = 25, 44.6 ± 8.2 years, 8 females) and recreationally active age, sex and body mass index matched controls (n = 25) were evaluated. Measurements of HRV, BPV and BRS were collected pre- and post-race for recreational ultra-endurance athletes and at baseline, for recreationally active controls. Post-race, ultra-endurance athletes demonstrated significantly greater sympathetic modulation [low frequency (LF) power HRV: 50.3 ± 21.6 normalised units (n.u.) to 65.9 ± 20.4 n.u., p = 0.01] and significantly lower parasympathetic modulation [high frequency (HF) power HRV: 45.0 ± 22.4 n.u. to 23.9 ± 13.1 n.u., p < 0.001] and BRS. Baseline measurements BRS (spectral: 13.96 ± 10.82 ms·mmHg^?1 vs. 11.39 ± 5.33 ms·mmHg^?1) were similar among recreational ultra-endurance athletes and recreationally active controls, though recreational ultra-endurance athletes demonstrated greater parasympathetic modulation of some HRV and BPV measures. Recreational ultra-endurance athletes experienced increased sympathetic tone and declines in BRS post-race, similar to previously reported elite world-class ultra-endurance athletes, though still within normal population ranges.     

Changes in leg strength 8 and 32 h after endurance exercise

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a single bout of endurance exercise on subsequent strength performance. Eight males with a long history of resistance training performed isokinetic, isometric and isotonic leg extension strength tests 8 and 32 h after 50 min of cycle ergometry at 70-110% of critical power. The participants also completed a control condition in which no cycling was performed. Plasma lactate and ammonia were measured before and immediately after each strength test. Isokinetic, isometric and isotonic leg extension torques were not significantly different 8 or 32 h after endurance exercise compared with the control condition ( P > 0.05). A large (50.3%), but not statistically significant, increase in plasma ammonia was evident during the strength tests performed 8 h after endurance exercise, while a significant ( P ? 0.05) increase in ammonia was also seen 32 h after endurance exercise. No significant changes in plasma ammonia were evident in the control condition. Our results suggest that leg extension strength was not compromised by an earlier bout of endurance cycling. However, metabolic activity during the strength tests might have been altered by the preceding bout of endurance exercise.     

The influence of short‐term endurance training on maximum oxygen uptake,submaximum endurance and the ability to perform brief,maximal exercise

The hypothesis that endurance training impairs sprinting ability was examined. Eight male subjects undertook a 30‐s sprint test on a cycle ergometer before and after 6 weeks of cycling training for endurance. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) and submaximum endurance were determined to evaluate the influence of the training regimen on endurance performance. Endurance was defined as the time to exhaustion at a relative exercise intensity of 85% VO₂ max. Maximum oxygen uptake was increased by 18% post‐training (3.29 ± 0.291 min^–1 versus 3.89±0.491 min^–1; P <0.01), but endurance at the same absolute work rate as pre‐training was increased by more than 200% (32.2 ±11.4 min versus 97.8 + 27.3 min; P <0.01). These improvements were accompanied by changes in the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to standard, submaximum exercise. Despite the improvements in endurance, neither performance during the cycle sprint test nor the increase in blood lactate concentration during the sprint was influenced by endurance training. For short‐term cycling training, these findings reinforce the concept of training specificity whilst demonstrating that decrements in sprint performance are not a necessary consequence of improved endurance.     

高师艺舞类课程教学改革的研究

运用文献资料和问卷调查等方法对高师和体院体育专业艺舞类课程开设的性质、内容、学时分配和各门课程的安排顺序作了调查统计.结果显示,高师之间和体院之间存在很大差异.高师体育教育专业应把舞蹈和健美操作为必修课给予优先安排,并在教学组织形式、教学内容等方面进行必要的改革.