迷迭香对大强度耐力训练大鼠血清睾酮和肾上腺皮质激素的影响

研究迷迭香对大强度耐力训练大鼠血清睾酮和肾上腺皮质激素的影响。方法:本实验选用SD大鼠,建立大强度耐力训练模型,训练结束测定其血清睾酮和肾上腺皮质激素。结果:大强度耐力训练可使大鼠血清睾酮下降,皮质醇水平上升,睾酮/皮质醇(T/C)值下降,说明大强度耐力训练已造成大鼠机体神经内分泌系统机能紊乱,使大鼠体内的分解代谢持续加强。服用迷迭香后大鼠血清睾酮水平均明显高于其相应的对照组,T/C值明显升高;服用迷迭香的大强度耐力训练组大鼠血清皮质醇水平明显下降。结论:服用迷迭香可以促进大强度耐力训练后大鼠合成代谢加强,有利于能量物质的储存,促进运动性疲劳的恢复。     

有氧运动力竭后摄入维生素C对IgA和IgG的影响——以武术运动员为例

以24位武术运动员为研究样本,分析武术运动员在从事高强度有氧训练至力竭后维生素C摄入量对其血清免疫球蛋白A和G所产生的影响.研究显示:维生素C的摄入对实验对象血清IgA,IgG和皮质醇浓度产生显著影响(P≤0.05),维生素C诱导增加IgA和IgG的浓度,进而可能有助于改善免疫性能和降低传染病的感染风险;同时,实验对象血液中皮质醇水平明显下降(P≤0.05).结果表明,在从事高强度有氧训练至体力极限后摄入维生素C有助于改善某些免疫系统指标.     

Effect of 4 weeks of basic military training on peripheral blood leucocytes and urinary excretion of catecholamines and cortisol

In this study, we assessed the effects of a 4 week basic military physical training programme for male recruits of the Hellenic Air Force on the number and distribution of circulating immune cells and adrenergic and adrenocortical hormonal responses. One group of recruits (exercised, n = 48) participated in moderate intermittent physical exercise, whereas a second group (non-exercised controls, n = 9) performed only light work in the barracks. Both groups participated in the same non-physical, classroom-type training and testing. Military training by the exercised group resulted in significant increases in CD4^?+? T-lymphocytes, renal cortisol excretion and the urinary noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio, together with reductions in neutrophils and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. In the exercised group, the urinary noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio correlated positively with the training-induced changes in CD4^?+? T-lymphocytes and negatively with changes in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. No significant relationship was found between training-induced increases in cortisol excretion and any of the peripheral blood cell alterations. Our results indicate that 4 weeks of military training consisting of intermittent moderate exercise resulted in a significant increase in CD4^?+? T-lymphocytes and reduction in neutrophils. These changes were probably driven by alterations in hormonal status, including the significant impact of sympathetic nervous system activation.     

Changes in acute biochemical markers of inflammatory and structural stress in rugby union

Rugby union is a sport governed by the impacts of high force and high frequency. Analysis of physiological markers following a game can provide an understanding of the physiological response of an individual and the time course changes in response to recovery.

Urine and saliva were collected from 11 elite amateur rugby players 24 h before, immediately after, and at 17, 25, 38, 62 and 86 h post-game. Myoglobin, salivary immunoglobulin A and cortisol were analysed by ELISA, whereas neopterin and total neopterin were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography.

There was a significant post-game increase of all four markers. The increases were cortisol 4-fold, myoglobin 2.85-fold, neopterin 1.75-fold and total neopterin 2.3-fold when corrected with specific gravity. All significant changes occurred post-game only, with markers returning to and remaining at baseline within 17 h.

The intensity of the game caused significant changes in key physiological markers of stress. They provide an understanding of the stress experienced during a single game of rugby and the time course changes associated with player recovery. Neopterin provides a new marker of detecting an acute inflammatory response in physical exercise, while specific gravity should be considered for urine volume correction post-exercise.     

牛蒡甙对训练大鼠运动能力、睾酮和皮质醇影响的实验研究

探讨牛蒡子的提取物牛蒡甙对训练大鼠运动能力的影响,以SD雄性大鼠为实验对象,将实验对象分为安静对照组、训练对照组、运动服药组进行对照比较,测试3个组在力竭运动时运动能力、血睾酮含量和血液皮质醇含量的变化。实验结果显示：牛蒡甙可以显著延长大鼠跑台运动力竭时间;大强度训练可以引起血睾酮含量下降和血液皮质醇含量升高,牛蒡甙可以使训练大鼠血睾酮含量显著性增加和血液皮质醇含量显著下降。结论认为,牛蒡甙可以延长大鼠跑台至力竭时间,具有抗疲劳作用;其抗疲劳作用可能与其升高血睾酮和降低血液皮质醇的水平有关。     

大强度运动及慢性心理应激对大鼠行为、免疫细胞和皮质醇的影响

l前言现代免疫的概念是指机体能够识别“自己”和“异己”成分，并排除“异己”成分以保持机体安全的一种生理功能。自17%年英国乡村医生Ed叭ran」加~用接种牛痘苗预防天花获得成功开始，免疫学研究逐步形成和发展起来。免疫学是研究免疫系统识别并消除有害生物及其成分(体外人     

模拟高住低练对优秀游泳运动员身体成分和物质代谢的影响

以12名山东省游泳运动员为实验对象,分为模拟高住低练组和对照组,利用低压舱研究模拟高住低练对身体成分和物质代谢的影响。研究发现:模拟高住低练组除体脂重量外,体重、瘦体重、肌肉重量、肌肉蛋白均显著低于实验前(P<0.05),对照组体重、瘦体重、肌肉重量、肌肉蛋白、肌肉水分、体脂重量实验前后均无明显变化;模拟高住低练组除血清尿素明显升高外(P<0.05),其他指标无明显变化,对照组血清尿素、游离脂肪酸、甘油三脂、总胆固醇实验前后均无明显变化;实验后对照组和模拟高住低练组血清睾酮都稍有升高,对照组血清皮质醇明显降低(P<0.05),模拟高住低练组皮质醇无明显变化。结论:模拟高住低练可明显降低体重,肌肉丢失和肌肉蛋白的减少是体重下降的主要原因,高浓度的血尿素表明模拟高住低练可促进蛋白的分解,而蛋白分解作用的增强可能与较高浓度的皮质醇有关。     

The effect of potential fall distance on hormonal response in rock climbing

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of alterations in potential lead fall distance on the hormonal responses of rock climbers. Nine advanced female climbers completed two routes while clipping all (PRO-all) or half (PRO-½) of the fixed points of protection. Venous blood samples were analysed for total catecholamines, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), adrenaline (epinephrine), dopamine, lactate, cortisol and serotonin. Differences between the two conditions pre, immediately post and 15 min post climbing were assessed using a 2 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA. All hormones and blood lactate concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05) immediately post climb, except for cortisol. Peak cortisol concentrations did not occur until 15 min post ascent. Further, significant interactions between climbing and clipping conditions were found for total catecholamines (890% of basal concentration in PRO-½ vs. 568% in PRO-all), noradrenaline (794% vs. 532%) and dopamine (500% vs. 210%). There were no significant interactions for adrenaline (1920% vs. 1045%), serotonin (150% vs. 127%) or lactate (329% vs. 279%). The study showed a greater catecholamine response with an increase in potential lead fall distance. The most pronounced increases seen in catecholamine concentration were reported for dopamine and noradrenaline.     

Psycho-physiological response in an automatic parachute jump

Parachute jump is an extreme activity that elicits an intense stress response that affects jumpers’ body systems being able to put them at risk. The present research analysed modifications in blood oxygen saturation (BOS), heart rate (HR), cortisol, glucose, lactate, creatine kinase (CK), muscles strength, cortical arousal, autonomic modulation, pistol magazine reload time (PMRT) and state anxiety before and after an automatic open parachute jump in 38 male Spanish soldiers (25.6 ± 5.9 years). A MANOVA with samples as a fixed factor and Effect Size (ES) were conducted. MANOVA showed (Wilks lambda = .225; F = 5.980; P = .000) a significantly increase in cortisol (6.2 ± 3.2 vs. 8.2 ± 4.3 nmol/l; P = .025; ES = .47), HR (75.0 ± 14.6 vs. 87.4 ± 17.3 bpm; P = .004; ES = .72), lactate (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 4.4 ± 2.2 mmol · l^?1; P = .002; ES = 1.18), sympathetic nervous system and leg strength manifestation after the parachute jump. By contrary BOS, PMRT (55.6 ± 27.6 vs. 48.0 ± 16.7 s; P = .021; ES = .46) and somatic anxiety (SA), evaluated by CSAI2R questionnaire, decreased. An automatic parachute jump increased physiological and cortical response and decreased SA of participants. This stress response can affect the jumpers’ abilities and allow us to have a better understanding of the organism stress response and to improve training for both military and sport parachute jumps.