我国高尔夫运动职业化发展的困境与突破

运用文献资料等研究方法,从竞技运动职业化发展的角度,对举国体制下高尔夫运动职业化发展进行分析和研究。认为现阶段举国体制有助于我国高尔夫运动完成职业化转变,但就其发展而言依旧面临着诸多困境,主要包括:职业球员选拔与培养机制欠缺、裁判员职业化培训与考核机制欠缺及职业球童稀缺。基于此,从职业球员人才选拔和培养机制的确立、裁判员组织与管理体系的构建、球童职业化培养路径的完善等方面提出我国职业高尔夫的未来发展规划。     

Bone mineral density and body composition in elite female golf and netball players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare bone density and body composition measurements in women participating in elite-level netball and golf, two sports with contrasting loading characteristics. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 14 state-level netball players (20.8±3.4 years), 11 single-digit handicap golf players (22.4±2.1 years) and a control group (n=18) not training for sport (22.6±3.6 years). Trunk extensor endurance and grip strength were also measured using the Sorensen test and hand-grip dynamometry respectively. Netball players had significantly higher total body, lumbar spine and hip BMD than the golf players (P<0.001) and control subjects (P<0.001). The golf players had higher BMD than the control subjects only in the lumbar spine (P<0.05). The netball players were significantly taller than the golf players and control group (P<0.01) and had a higher body mass than the control group (P<0.001). After adjustment for body height and mass, the BMD values in the netball players remained significantly higher than the control subjects at all sites (P<0.01), while the golf players had significantly higher lumbar spine BMD than the controls (P<0.05). Elite-level netball participation is associated with increased total body, hip and lumbar spine BMD, while this response was only evident in the lumbar spine in elite golf players. The contrasting loading characteristics of these sports may be reflected in the site-specific differences in BMD when compared to non-athletic control subjects.     

Forthcoming events

Abstract

We conducted two experiments to assess the effect attentional focus has on learning a complex motor skill and subsequent performance under secondary task loading. Participants in Experiment 1 learnt a golf putting task (300 practice trials) with a single instruction to either focus on their hands (internal focus) or the movement of the putter (external focus). No group differences were evident during learning or retention. Differences between the groups were only apparent under secondary task load; the external group's performance remained robust, while the internal group suffered a drop in performance. Verbal protocols demonstrated that the internal group accumulated significantly more internal knowledge and more task-relevant knowledge in general than the external group. Experiment 2 was designed to establish whether greater internal focus knowledge or greater explicit rule build up in general was responsible for performance breakdown. Two groups were presented with a set of six internal or external rules. Again, no performance differences were found during learning or retention. During the secondary task, both groups experienced performance deterioration. It was concluded that accumulation of explicit rules to guide performance was responsible for the internal group's breakdown in performance under secondary task loading and may be responsible for some of the performance differences reported previously.     

On the Swing Mechanics of a Matched Set of Golf Clubs

Abstract

Some golf equipment manufacturers produce matched sets of golf clubs using an empirical method based on first moments of mass as well as shaft stiffness, whereas others claim to match sets on the basis of moment of inertia and dynamic considerations of shaft stiffness. This paper considers the significance of the mass distribution feature of club matching with regard to the parameters relating to physical exertion by the golfer. It is shown that dynamic considerations require a mass variation through the set almost identical to the variation prescribed by static swing weighting, and that conventionally static balanced golf clubs differ in mass by less than five percent from that suggested using a dynamic balance. It is also shown that the maximum driving force is relatively the same for a specific golfer using a variety of golf clubs but that the driving forces of the professionals were higher than those recorded for the amateurs.     

广西北部湾经济区高尔夫产业化发展对策研究

通过文献资料法和访谈法了解北部湾经济区高尔夫产业的行业动态以及高尔夫俱乐部现状。研究发现广西北部湾经济区高尔夫产业具备一定的优势,也存在着不足,面临大好的机遇,同时也存在着挑战。在分析高尔夫产业化发展的动因后,根据广西北部湾经济区的实际情况,提出了北部湾经济区高尔夫产业化发展的对策。     

早期高尔夫球与捶丸规则比较研究

采用文献资料法和比较分析法,对1744年的高尔夫球规则与1282年刻印的《丸经》中有关捶丸的规则进行了比较研究,结果表明,两者具有明显的一致性与同质性。据此认为,捶丸规则与最早的高尔夫球规则不仅存在先后之分、详略之别,而且存在源流关系。同时认为,捶丸规则内容丰富翔实,具有向域外传播推广的实证;最早的高尔夫球规则简单实用,后经不断完善而沿传至今。     

基于集对分析的高尔夫产业可持续发展水平综合评价

针对目前我国高尔夫产业可持续发展水平评估研究现状,借鉴国内外其他领域评估模式的先进经验,建立了包含5个指标和31个因素的评估因素体系.根据集对分析的基本理论,运用其同异反思想,建立了集对分析理论下的等级联系度μ=a+bi+cj,讨论了同异反向量a、b、c的确定方法和不确定系数i的取值方法,并将其应用到高尔夫产业可持续发展水平的综合评价中.结果表明该方法能使评判更加客观可信,可以为政府实施高尔夫产业可持续发展战略提供依据.     

Comparison of centre of gravity and centre of pressure patterns in the golf swing

Analysing the centre of pressure (COP) and centre of gravity (COG) could reveal stabilising strategies used by golfers throughout the golf swing. This study identified and compared golfers’ COP and COG patterns throughout the golf swing in medial–lateral (ML) and anterior–posterior (AP) directions using principal component analysis (PCA) and examined their relationship to clubhead velocity. Three-dimensional marker trajectories were collected using Vicon motion analysis and force plate data from two Kistler force plates for 22 low-handicap golfers during drives. Golfers’ COG and COP were expressed as a percentage distance between their feet. PCA was performed on COG and COP in ML and AP directions. Relationships between principal component (PC) scores were examined using Pearson correlation and regression analysis used to examine the relationship with clubhead velocity. ML COP movements varied in magnitude (PC1), rate of change and timing (PC2 and PC3). The COP and COG PC1 scores were strongly correlated in both directions (ML: r?=?0.90, P?<?.05; AP: r?=?0.81, P?<?.05). Clubhead velocity, explained by three PCs (74%), related to timing and rate of change in COP_ML near downswing (PC2 and PC3) and timing of COG_ML late backswing (PC2). The relationship between COP_ML and COG_ML PC1 scores identified extremes of COP and COG patterns in golfers and could indicate a golfer’s dynamic balance. Golfers with earlier movement of COP to the front foot (PC2) and rate of change (PC3) patterns in ML COP, prior to the downswing, may be more likely to generate higher clubhead velocity.     

高尔夫球短杆进攻果岭技术教学训练的探索与实践

把球从果岭附近攻上果岭,尽可能靠近洞杯,是高尔夫技术中最为复杂的环节.现代高尔夫球比赛中洞杯的位置越来越复杂,优秀的短杆进攻果岭技术能有效提升球员下场的成绩.从认识洞位图入手,依据高尔夫球短杆进攻果岭的实践需要,将切击球、劈起球、高抛球和果岭边沙坑球列为该技术的教学内容,对四种球各自的打法和适用范围进行介绍后,将教学内容细化为初级、中级、高级共18个子部分.指出,选择合理的技术策略、培养距离感和方向感、找到适合自己的挥杆节奏、采用上杆幅度控制击球距离等是教学的重点内容,并分别进行了具体阐述.     

中国高尔夫产业结构、行为、绩效的相互关系研究

该文采用数理统计法、文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法，对中国高尔夫产业的市场结构、企业行为、市场绩效及三者之间相互关系的理论与实证分析发现：中国高尔夫产业的市场绩效与市场集中度呈反向变化；中国高尔夫产业的中低度差异化制约了市场绩效的提高；高尔夫球场实施价格歧视策略有利于高尔夫球场获取垄断利润，但对高尔夫会籍实施跨时价格歧视将会使得长期利润减少。最后，根据研究结果，针对进一步提高我国高尔夫产业的绩效水平，提出了相应的对策建议。