马拉松消费者行为研究:特征、挑战与趋势

采用实地问卷调查法，收集马拉松参赛者在运动参与行为、实物购买行为和人口特征方面的统计数据，使用k-means聚类分析将马拉松消费者细分为资深马拉松追求者、普通马拉松爱好者和社交者三个集群。研究表明，马拉松消费将面临以下挑战：泛娱乐性大于竞技性造成资深消费群体流失，赛事体系层级不清晰造成消费者混淆，赛事运营服务不专业拉低消费意愿，其他户外运动兴起导致消费份额分化，马拉松消费者非理性消费观念广泛存在。预测未来马拉松消费行为发展的六大趋势：以重点人群为目标扩大马拉松消费；科学跑马服务助力消费者持续参与赛事；沉浸体验式消费不断升级；建设马拉松产业载体拓展消费空间；社交媒体互动式消费发挥中介作用；5G开启智能马拉松消费时代。     

价值链视角下杭州马拉松赛事品质提升研究

采用文献查阅、专家访谈、实地调查等方法,对杭州马拉松赛事提升进行了研究。基于价值链理论,分析了该项赛事在策划、营销、开发、筹备、生产、服务等各环节的现状,认为其存在风险管理机制急需补全、媒体宣传运营有待加强、商业运作稍显薄弱、赛道设计亟待优化、赛事服务尚可完善等问题,并就赛事品质提升给出相关建议。     

我国优秀女子长跑运动员高原训练模式初探

高原训练是我国长跑、马拉松项目冲出亚洲、走向世界的有效途径。如何更加充分地利用高原自然环境，进一步发挥高原训练效果，提高高原训练的成功率，还需要不断探索。一个完整的高原训练过程包括平原大运动量训练阶段、高原大强度训练阶段和赛前平原大强度训练阶段3个部分，应妥善处理三者之间的负荷关系。     

The Influence of Chosun Marathon Bogeuphoe on Realisation of Korea's National Identity during the US Military Government Era (1945–1948)

Chosun Marathon Bogeuphoe was a Korean marathoner training centre, which was organised in August 1947, in the era of poverty and social upheaval under the US Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK), and produced the world top-class marathoners, including Suh Yun-bok, Ham Kee-yong and Choi Yun-chil. This study aims to investigate the sport historical significance of the Bogeuphoe in terms of operation, organisation, venues and funds by content analysis of John R. Hodge's telegraphic messages, the record of Special Committee for Anti-ethnic-act Investigation, the primary historical materials including 1947 Boston Marathon winner, Suh Yun-bok's notes, newspapers, photographs, autobiography, memoirs and interviews with Ham Kee-yong, the 1950 Boston Marathon winner. The findings of this study are that the Chosun Marathon Bogeuphoe contributed greatly to bring forth Korea's golden age in marathon history and served as a diplomatic advance guard in enhancing Korea's national prestige abroad and opening up a way-out for the nation's independence. This gives a valuable lesson to recent sport administrators and sport associations occasionally blamed for their unsuitable management despite the affluence of human and material resources. This study is expected to add to the literature to be used as a reference for the study of Korean sport associations' history.     

An investigation into breast support and sports bra use in female runners of the 2012 London Marathon

Abstract

Although it is acknowledged that appropriate breast support during exercise is important, no published literature has assessed breast support usage in a cohort of female marathon runners. This study aimed to identify sport bra use and perceived importance of sports bra use in female marathon runners. Bra satisfaction, incidence of bra related issues and factors that influence the appropriateness of sports bras were also investigated. A 4-part, 30-question survey was administered to 1397 female runners at the 2012 London marathon registration and via an online survey. In total 1285 surveys were completed. Sports bra use and its perceived importance was high, however was lower in moderate compared to vigorous activity, and lower in participants with smaller breasts. Seventy-five per cent of participants reported bra fit issues. The most common issues were chaffing and shoulder straps digging in, with a higher incidence of issues reported by participants with larger breasts. Use of professional bra fitting was low, and perceived knowledge of breast health was poor. Engagement with sports bra use is high although sports bra design could be improved to alleviate bra fit issues experienced by female runners. Educational initiatives are needed to ensure females are informed regarding the importance of breast support and appropriate bra fit during activity.     

“Three Specially Selected Athletes” and a Recapitulation of the Pennsylvania Walking Purchase of 1737

Abstract

The generality of the variability in practice prediction, arising from Schmidt's schema theory (1975) of motor learning was tested on young children. More specifically, the structure of the variability session and its subsequent influence on transfer performance to a novel variation of the task was examined. Children tossed a weighted bean bag to a fixed target location. Three groups experienced variability in practice with four bean bags of varying weights (3, 4, 5, and 6 oz.); however, the trial-by-trial presentation of each weight was different for each group. One group received a random presentation of each weight from trial to trial while another experienced random presentations of a weight for blocks of three trials. The third variability group received blocked practice with six trials per block for each weight. All variability groups experienced the same amount of practice at each weight. A constant practice group experienced only a single weight. Following 24 practice trials, all subjects transferred outside the range of previous experience, receiving three trials with one of two possible test weights (2 oz. or 7 oz.). The results indicated that the variability group practicing with blocks of three trials at each variation led to superior performance at transfer to novel variations of the task. Overall, the experiment suggested that transfer performance for children is affected by the appropriate structure of variable practice which formulates the schemata for movement production.     

马拉松赛事风险政府协调治理的理论内涵、现实困境与实现路径

研究以政府协调治理为理论基础,以“主体-场景-行动”为治理逻辑的分析框架,指出马拉松赛事风险治理的困境,提出马拉松赛事风险政府协调治理的实现路径。研究认为,马拉松赛事风险治理存在治理主体对赛事风险治理认识不够、赛事风险场景的精细划分比较笼统、赛事风险应急合作治理行动的基础支撑条件不完善等困境。应从更新治理理念、转变治理主体的角色认识,优化场景划分、夯实场景的精细化和数字化;强化行动效益,夯实赛事风险治理的行动基础3个方面推进治理。     

我国马拉松赛事的市场化研究

国际马拉松赛事的市场培育、开发与发展目前已达到一个很高的水平,不仅取得巨大的赛事成果,也取得了广泛的政治、经济、文化效应。我国在马拉松赛事的商业运作方面水平较低,因此,本文结合当前体育赛事的发展趋势和方向,借鉴国内外大型体育赛事的经验和教训,并通过对我国田径赛事大市场进行分析,结合我国特定的体育赛事市场环境,从赛事运作本身和市场开发程度对我国马拉松赛事进行系统分析,为我国马拉松赛事的发展提出可行性建议。     

Exercise‐induced muscle cramp: A prospective biochemical study in marathon runners

Exercise‐induced muscle cramp has been considered to result from disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance resulting from excessive sweat loss. Serum biochemical and haematological measurements were made on 82 male marathon runners before and after a 42.2‐km race. Fifteen (18%) of the runners reported an attack of muscle cramp which occurred after 35 ± 6 km (mean±s.d.) had been covered. These subjects were not different from the others in terms of racing performance or training status. Serum electrolyte concentrations, including sodium and potassium, were not different between those suffering from cramp and those not so affected either before or after the race, although a significant (P< 0.001) increase in serum sodium concentration occurred in both groups. Serum bicarbonate concentrations fell to the same extent (from 28 to 24 mmol 1^‐1) in both groups. Significant decreases in plasma volume, calculated from the changes in circulating haemoglobin and haemotocrit, occurred in both groups of subjects, but there was no difference in the extent of the haemoconcentration. The results suggest that exercise‐induced muscle cramp may not be associated with gross disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance.     

基于投入产出模型的马拉松赛事经济影响研究——以2016—2018南京马拉松为例

马拉松赛事的消费趋势和经济影响的研究对马拉松赛事各方面的决策具有重要意义。对2016—2018南京马拉松的参赛者调查问卷进行分析，在得出参赛者基本特征的基础上，进一步分析参赛者的消费情况，运用投入产出模型，计算赛事产出效应、所得效应、税收效应、乘数效应等经济影响指标。梳理目前南京马拉松存在的问题，分析其中的原因，最后针对优化赛事品质，提高赛事经济效益，从四个方面提出对策建议。