视力康复背景下体育锻炼与儿童动态视力关系研究及启示

目的：探讨动态视力在不同类型体育项目间的发展特征，为体育锻炼改善视力的应用研究提供依据。方法：选取6~10岁无专门体育训练经历的在校学生和参加足球、乒乓球、跆拳道、空手道、游泳、体操等项目的俱乐部或体校学生，共603名。使用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力灯箱测量动态视力和静态视力。计算动静比（动态视力/静态视力），并将其作为衡量动态视力发展水平的指标。结果：6~7岁是动态视力发展的敏感期（P＜0.05），8岁、10岁男性儿童的动静比高于女性儿童，且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。校外体育练习组的动静比高于普通在校学生组（P＜0.05），开放性运动项目的动静比高于闭锁性运动项目（P＜0.05）。结论：参加体育锻炼对动态视力的发展有积极的影响，且不同运动项目的影响效果不同。     

Acculturation orientations of competing host communities toward valued and devalued immigrants

This study explored how members of competing host communities may endorse different acculturation orientations towards valued and devalued immigrants settled in the bilingual city of Montreal. Francophone (N=422) and Anglophone (N=401) host community students from low-, medium- and high-ethnic diversity colleges completed the host community acculturation scale (HCAS) along with a questionnaire monitoring a range of social psychological correlates of acculturation orientations. Results showed that Anglophones were more integrationist and individualist and less assimilationist than Francophones. Both Francophones and Anglophones were more integrationist and individualist and less assimilationist, segregationist and exclusionist toward valued than devalued immigrants. Attending a multiethnic college had no influence on respondents’ acculturation orientations. The more welcoming acculturation orientations of Anglophones compared to Francophones was corroborated by results obtained with immigrants attending the French and the English colleges. Social psychological profiles of the respective acculturation orientations were similar across both host communities thus supporting the construct validity of the HCAS. Attitude toward co-national outgroup was a significant determinant of each acculturation orientations, suggesting that intergroup relations between rival host communities has an impact on acculturation orientations toward immigrants.     

Investigation of Poor Academic Achievement in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a neurogenetic developmental disorder that presents with progressive muscular weakness. It is caused by a mutation in a gene that results in the absence of specific products that normally localize to muscle cells and the central nervous system (CNS). The majority of affected individuals have IQs within the normal range, generally with lower verbal than performance IQ scores. Prior work has demonstrated selective deficits on tests of verbal span and immediate memory. For the current study, 26 boys with DMD (and normal intellectual function) and their unaffected siblings were evaluated. Paired comparisons demonstrated that the children with DMD had significantly poorer academic achievement scores than their siblings, even though their vocabulary levels and home and educational environments were comparable. Children with DMD also had more behavioral concerns, physical disabilities, and poorer verbal memory spans. Linear regression indicated that behavioral concerns, executive function, and physical disability did not contribute substantially to academic performance, whereas performance on verbal span did. DMD presents with a selective developmental aberration in verbal span that has wide‐ranging consequences on learning skills.     

《管子》经济类记事的文学透视

《管子》中经济类记事的产生有一定的历史基础,它是商业发达的齐国,用自己成熟的经济理论内安朝政、外服诸侯的一种大胆设想。作为阐发经济思想的道具,它们具有明显虚构的性质。而且,这类记事存在着结构模式化的特征,经济思想表述中蕴含着诡异的情节。     

基于引用关系的知识库建设

提出一种基于引用关系构建知识库的方法,通过提取文献间相互引用的知识内容来建设知识库.把该方法应用于图书情报学科领域行试验,试验结果表明该方法是可行的.最后探讨了该方法需要进一步改进和完善的地方.     

新闻数码照片造假事件给照片档案工作带来的启示

新闻数码照片造假事件,给照片档案管理敲响了警钟.本文从维护档案真实性、原始性角度,探索了数码照片的一些管理原则.     

NFCNNC:一种新的模糊竞争神经网络聚类模型及其在文本聚类中的应用

提出了一种新的模糊竞争神经网络聚类模型NFCNNC,并将其应用到文本聚类中。NFCNNC将模糊中心聚类(FCC)算法得到的模糊聚类中心向量作为神经网络的权值,通过比较隶属度值得到获胜神经元。网络中仅两个神经元同时调节权值。隶属度值最大的神经元以较大的学习率调整权值,隶属度次大的神经元以较小的学习率调整权值,其他神经元权值不变。按照FCC算法调整模糊聚类中心向量值(即权值)和神经元的隶属度,当网络稳定时,即可确定聚类数。与传统模糊神经网络模型相比,本文的模糊神经网络模型具有结构简单、运行效率高、聚类精度高的优点,同时克服了传统算法需预先指定聚类数的局限性。通过对文本聚类的实验验证,本算法取得了良好的效果。     

A study of clinical questions posed by hospital clinicians.

OBJECTIVE: This article presents the results of complementary research studies on the behaviors of hospital clinicians in asking clinical questions and the relationship between asking of questions, outcome of information searches, and success in problem solving. METHODS: Triangulation in research methods--a combination of mailed questionnaires, interviews, and a randomized controlled study--was employed to provide complementary views of the research problems under study. RESULTS: The survey and interviews found that clinical problems (concerned mainly with therapy and equipment or technology) were expressed as statements rather than questions (average number of concepts = 1.7), that only slightly more than half (higher for doctors) of problems could be solved, and that the majority of clinical questions were not well formed. An educational workshop however improved clinicians' formulation of questions, but the use of structured prompting was found to improve building of hypotheses in the doctors' group without training. The workshop also improved satisfaction with the obtained information and success in problem solving. Nonetheless, for both the experimental and control groups, more structured and complete questions or statements did not mean higher success rates in problem solving or higher satisfaction with obtained information. CONCLUSION: The triangulation methods have gathered complementary evidence to reject the hypothesis that building well-structured clinical questions would mean higher satisfaction with obtained information and higher success in problem solving.     

利用TRS全文检索系统建设动态图书馆网站

本介绍了选择TRS全检索系统建设动态图书馆网站的背景；TRS系统的体系结构，各部分的功能；详细探讨了TRS系统在图书馆网站中的应用，结合建设实践，探讨了在应用中的一些实际问题的解决。