芍药属的研究(1)——国产几个野生种核型的报道

In the present paper 8 species with 15 populations of the genus Paeonia L. (if P. papaveracea and P. japonica are recognised as species) were collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces (see the Appendix for detail of the materials).  The micrographs of their somatic metaphase (also Mii in the case of P.veitchii) are shown in Plates 1-4, the karyo- type formulae, ranges of chromosome length and classification of karyotypes according to Steb- bins (1971) are shown in Table 5: the idiograms in Figs. 1-2, and the parameters of chromo- somes in Table 1-4.  The essential points are mentioned as follows:        (1)   Chromosomes of the various species in the section Modan have so far been examined and they are all diploid, the two species in the section Onaepia are also diploid, and thus tetraploids exist only in the section Paeonia.        (2)  Chromosomes in the genus Paeonia are relatively stable except for the differentiation of ploidy.  The karyotypes (Table 1-4) show no differences among different taxa in Sect. Modan and the same can also be said about the taxa in Sect. Paeonia (Table 1).  Not only are the karyotypes very similar, but also among the members within  either section have the same parameters of chromosomes, and, differences, if occur, are not statistically significant. Between the two sections, however, the situation is different. The arm ratios of the first pairs of chromosomes in Sect. Modan are 1.53, 1.52 and 1.48 (Table 1), but those in Sect. Paeonia are 1.12-1.28 (Table 2-4), 95% confidence limits are 1.46-1.60 for the section Modan and 1.07-1.28 (1.21-1.35 only for PB85078) for the section Paeonia, not overlapping, which indi- cates that the two sections have differentiated in respect of the first pairs of chromosomes.        (3)The population PB85024, which belongs to the P. obovata complex, has a karyotype of 2B (stebbins, 1971), which is a new one in the genus Paeonia. This karyotype is a stable one, for several individuals in the population are uniform in this respect, which shows that Steb- bins’ (1971) generalization that all the species in Paeonia have 2A does not hold true.        (4)  Three populations of P. obovata complex studied in this work from Sichuan and Shaanxi are all tetraploids, and one from Hebei is a diploid.  From the present work and the previcus reports, the materials from Japan and Korea, no matter whether flowers are pink or white, are diploids, those from Heilongjiang Province (with both pink and white flowers) (Liu Ming-yuan, personal communication) and from Heibei Province (with pink flowers) in China are also diploids, the one from Sakhalin (pink flowers) is tetraploid, those from Priamur of the Soviet Union are a tetraploid (with white flowers) and a diploid (with pink flowers), and those from Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) and western Sichuan (with both pink and white flowers) are all tetraploids.  As far as we have now known, ploidy in this parti- cular complex is correlated with the geographical distribution: diploids are found in the cen- tral part, tetraploids occur in the northern limits, and in the south  letraploids are the only cytotype.      (5)  The materials of P. mairei from western Sichuan and Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) are found all to be tetraploids, which shows that two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid, exist in this  species,  but the geographical distribution pattern of these two cytotypes is to be revealed in the future investigation.     

弥散山蚂蝗与大叶拿身草(豆科:蝶形花亚科)的分类学关系

弥散山蚂蝗Desmodium diffusum(新拟)不同于大叶拿身草D. laxiflorum,然而前者在中国却不被承认。弥散山蚂蝗广布于中国,与大叶拿身草相较更为普遍,而大叶拿身草仅分布于中国的广东、广西、台湾及云南南部。崔现举等将弥散山蚂蝗置于单序山蚂蝗D. unibotryosum种中。根据国际命名法规,单序山蚂蝗为一非法名称,属弥散山蚂蝗的异名。本文介绍了弥散山蚂蝗和大叶拿身草的分类历史、种的检索表、种的文献、异名及分布。同时,指定了弥散山蚂蝗的后选模式。     

黄精族4属6种的核型报道

本文报道四川、陕西、河北的百合科黄精族4属6种的染色体数目和核型。Disporum megalant- hum 2n=16=2m(1SAT)+6sm(1SAT)十8st(3SAT)and 2n＝16=2m(1SAT)+8sm(3SAT)+6st， 3B型；Disporopsis pernyi 2n＝40=23m(2SAT)+15sm(2SAT)十2st+2t(2SAT), 2B型；Disporo- psis aspera 2n=40=30m十8sm(2SAT)+2t(2SAT)，2B型；Maianthemum bifolium 2n=36＝ 20m＝10sm十4st十2t(2SAT)，2B型；Palygonatum odoratum  2n=20=10m+10sm(3SAT)，2B 和2n＝20＝12m(4SAT)+8sm(2SAT)，  2B型；Polygonatum humile 20=20+10m(2SAT)十 6sm(2SAT)+4t，2B型。从染色体角度，并联系形态特征，对Disporum属中分别见于东亚和北美 的两个类群的关系作了讨论。也讨论了Disporopsis种间在核型不对称趋势与形态特化之间可能的关系。  本文还指出Polygonatum odoratum和Polygonatum humile种内核型的多变性。     

豆科长柄山蚂蝗属一新组合

Ohashi和Mill提出长柄山蚂蝗属的正确学名是Hylodesmum H.Ohashi&R.R.Mill，用以取代由来已久的属名Podocarpium（Benth.）Y.C.Yang&P.H.Huang。本文根据该属属名的变化，提出并确定澜沧长柄山蚂蝗的新组合名称为Hylodesmum lancangense（Y.Y.Qian X.Y.Zhu&H.Ohashi。     

百合科细胞分类学研究(1)——重楼等6属10种的核型报道

本文对陕西、四川和河北的Paris 2种，Cardiocrinum giganteum, Smilacina 2种，Allium     2种，  Asparagus 2种，以及Convallaria majalis 的核型作了分析，其中Paris polyphylla var.     latifolia，  Smilacina henryi 和 Allium  ovalifolium 的染色体报道为第一次。  首次发现Perisverticillata 中四倍体细胞宗的存在。本文对Paris的核型、地理分布和分类作了分析讨论。