落叶松属的核型及系统位置的研究

 本文分析了我国特产树种红杉Larix potaninii的核型，K(2n)=24=12m+8sm+4st，属2A类型，染色体相对长度组成为2n=24=4L+8M2+8M1+4S。落叶松属植物(10种)的核型由6对较长的中部着丝粒染色体和6对较短的、臂比大于2的近中或近端着丝粒染色体构成，这是较为进化的核型，其中红杉组Sect．Multiserales则似有比落叶松组Sect．Larix更进化的趋势。根据松科各属核型的比较，作者发现落叶松属和黄杉属非常近缘而与其他属较为疏远，因此由它们组成落叶松亚科可能较为合适，这是一个较进化的亚科。该结沦也得到形态学、解剖学、孢粉学、生物化学及古植物学等方面资料的支持。     

评大叶石斑木和石斑木的分类学关系

 According to the information including type material with regard to Raphiolepis major Card. and R. indica (L.) Lindl., the morphological differences between these two closely related taxa are largely quantitative, i.e., the former has larger leaves, flowers and fruits, and longer petioles and pedicels than the latter. But since these characteri- stics are rather variable, they can hardly be proven to be sound in separating these two taxa as distinct.      By using methods of quantitative analysis with scatter diagrams on herbarium ma- terials, we have found that the characteristics used to discriminate the two taxa either tend to display continuous variational patterns, or vary at random.  Both eases suggest that the morphological variations of individual sample plants are probably due to the dif- ferent modes of growth or development of plants in response to varied environments. Since these two taxa are taxonomically inseparable from each other as a whole, it seems advisable to treat them as one single species.  Thus, the lately published R. major Card.should be reduced to a synonym of R. indica (L.) Lindl.     

知母染色体核型的研究

  A karyotypical analysis of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bung. of the monotypic genus Anemarrhena Bung. (Liliaceae) was carried out for the first time. The number of chromo- somes in root-tip cell of the species was found to be 22, agreeing with that reported by Sato[12], although inconsistent in some other respects, such as position of  centromeres, length of chromosomes, and nucleoli, etc. (Table 1 ). According to the terminology defined by Levan et al.［8］, the karyotype formula is therefore 2n=22=2sm (SAT)+2sm+18m. Photomicrographs of the chromosome complements and idiogram of the karyotype are given   Fig. 1 and 2).       The karyotype of Anemarrhena asphodeloides shows explicitly to be asymmetrical, with three pairs of long chromosomes and eight pairs of short chromosomes. This specialized feature, when considered together with the rare occurrence of the basic chromosome number of 11 of the genus within the Tribe Asphodeleae of Liliaceae (see Table 1), suggests that the genus Anemarrhena is probably a rather specialized one, which has scarcely any intimate relationship with the other genera of the above tribe. The fact that this specialized karyotype is associated with certain trends of morphological specialization, such as flowers possessing three stamens only, gives support to the above suggestion. But, it is impossible to draw a more precise conclusion without a more thorough and comprehensive investigation of the species in question.     

吉祥草染色体核型的研究

Karyotype analysis for the species Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth of the mo- notypic genus Reineckia Kunth is given for the first time. The number of chromosomes in root-tip cell was found to be 38, which is in accord with those reported by most of the pre- vious authors[5,7,8,9,11,12,]. The somatic complement shows a slight variation in size, i.e., the 2, 3, 5, 6, 7th pairs of the chromosomes have submedian constrictions, while the other pairs have median centromeres. The karyotype is therefore a rather symmetrical one, and accor- ding to the chromosomal terminology defined by Levan et al[4], the karyotype formula of the species is 2n=38=28 m+10 sm. In spite of the presence of two nucleoli in the te- lophase as observed by the authors and Noguchi[8] as well, the two corresponding Sat-chro- mosomes have not been found.  Photomicrograph of the chromosome complement and idiog- ram are given in Fig. 1 and 2 respectively.     

秃杉的细胞学研究

本文首次报道秃杉的核型为K(2n)=22=16m+6sm,  3号染色体具“长着丝点区 域”。似具比同属的台湾杉(18m+4sm)进化的趋势。它们均为"2B"。从国产杉科植物的 核型类型看,似见"2B"的台湾杉属与"1B"的杉木属和"1A"的水杉属、水松属、柳杉属的亲缘关系依序由近到远并比它们进化。本作者还观察了秃杉的核仁数目和多微核现象。     

密叶杉属的核型分析及其系统位置的探讨

本文首次对特产澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚岛的Athrotaxis cupressoides和Athrotaxis selaginoides进行了核型分析，核型公式分别为2n=22=22m(2SAT)和2n=22=20(2SAT)+2sm，均属Stebbins的1B类型，它们的染色体相对长度组成为22=2L+10M2+8Ml+2S和22=2L十10M2+6Ml+4S，后者比前者较为进化。根据密叶杉属和杉科其他各属核型资料的比较分析，它们由原始到进步的顺序可能为：柳杉属、水松属、落羽杉属、水杉属、巨杉属、红杉属，密叶杉属、杉木属和台湾杉属。  密叶属与红杉属、巨杉属和杉木属较为近缘。  这些在以染色体长度比和平均臂比为纵、横坐标的图上得到清楚反映。  根据核型资料，密叶杉属以隶于单型的亚科Arthrotaxoideae较为合适，这也得到形态学、胚胎学、孢粉学和地理学资料的支持。  本文还对前人系统中的密叶杉属位置进行了讨论。     

短葶山麦冬种群分类问题的探讨

The presence of stolons is taxonomically significant in the genus Liriope Linn. However, probably due to a lapse of attention, F. T. Wang and T. Tang failed to re- cognize Ophiopogon muscari Decne., type of Liriope muscari (Decne.) Bailey, a non- stoloniferous taxon, and erroneously referred it as a synonym to the stoloniferous L. spicata Lour.  At the same time, however, they described another  non-stoloniferous species-L. platyphylla Wang et Tang (L. muscari Bailey) as new.      What, then, is the difference between L. platyphylla Wang et Tang and L. mus- cari (Decne.) Bailey?  A comparison of the type photo of Ophiopogon muscari Decne. with specimens of L. platyphylla Wang et Tang shows that the two forms are much alike, but the latter has longer scapes usually overtopping the foliage, as well as longer spikes and broader leaves. L. H. Bailey must had combined the two forms into one species. Furthermore. there are another two non-stoloniferous forms, both having scapes shorter than their foliage, but differing from L. muscari (Decne.)  Bailey in their much nar- rower leaves.  One of them has very short leaves and looks like L. minor Makino.       Finally, what are the correlations among the above four forms? By using methods of quantitative analysis, such as pictorialized scatter diagram and histogram, on her- barium material, it has been found that the L. muscari complex can be separated into two parts: 1) muscari (M), and 2) platyphylla (P).  But since these two parts dis- play a continuous variation pattern as a whole, it seems advisable to treat both as varie- ties of the same species, i. e., L. muscari (Decne.) Bailey var. muscari, and L. muscari var. communis (Maxim.) Hsu et L. C. Li. (Ophiopogon spicatus Ker-Cawl. var. com- munis Maxim.) As to the other two narrow-leaved forms, they can hardly be regarded as sufficient for two distinct infraspecific units, for they are found to be inseparablefrom each other as well as from muscari.     

落羽杉属植物的核型及细胞地理学研究

本文分析了池杉Taxodium ascendens 的核型，全由中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成， 核型公式为K(2n)=22=20m+2sm，属“1A”类型。它的特点是10号染色体具“长着 丝点区域”结构。池杉染色体的相对长度组成为2n=2L+8M2+12M1。通过与落羽杉 的“1A”和墨西哥落羽杉的“2A”核型进行比较，似见它们的进化水平以落羽杉、池杉，墨西 哥落羽杉之序递增。  落羽杉属植物的核型公式均为K(2n)=22= 20m+2sm。  本文还就 核型、生态环境和地理分布(包括化石)资料讨论了落羽杉属的次生遗传歧异中心和可能的演 化式样。       

我国八种特有植物的染色体观察

 A report of chromosome numbers for eight species endemic to China is made in the paper, including first counts for 4 genera and 4 species and first karyoty- pic analyses of two species. Sinojohnstonia chekiangensis (Migo) W. T. Wang (Boraginaceae) 2n=24*; Coptis chinenis Franch (Ranunculaceae) 2n=18**; Dichocarpum dalzielii (Drumm. et Hutch.) W. T. Wang et Hsiao (Ranunculaceae)      2n=24*;      Eomecon chionantha Hance (Papaveraceae) 2n=18;      Camptotheca acuminata Dcne.  (Nyssaceae) 2n=44;       Calycanthus chinensis Cheng et S. Y. Chang (Calycanthaceae) 2n=22**;      Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Eucommiaceae) n=17;      Pinellia pedatisecta Schott (Araceae) 2n=26;      The previous reports of chromosome numbers of the same groups are compared with our own (See Table 1). The vouchers for the present study are preserved in the Herba- rium of Futan University.     

杉科的两条演化路线

 本文根据核型资料提出杉科可能存在A、L两条演化路线，前者包括由原始到进化的柳杉属、水 松属、落羽杉属、台湾杉属，以平均臂比快速增加、染色体长度比缓慢增加为特征；后者包括依序进化的水杉属、巨杉属、红杉属、杉木属(可能还有密叶杉属)，以平均臂比缓慢增加、染色体长度比迅速增加为特点。该结论也得到形态学、解剖学、胚胎学等资料的支持。