Current Critical Problems in Agenda-Setting Research

After experiencing steady development over the past three decades,agenda-setting research appears to be in a period of flux. Thispaper discusses three current and critical problems that agenda-settingresearch has been facing recently: the problems of process,identity, and environment. These problems are critical becauseeach has implications that might call into question the valueof agenda-setting theory. The process problem concerns the natureof the agenda-setting process, specifically, the degree to whichthe agenda-setting process is automatic and unthinking. Theidentity problem asks whether the new concept of attribute agendasetting will become indistinguishable from framing or traditionalpersuasion research. The environment problem asks if the developmentof communication technology and the subsequent growth in thenumber and variety of news outlets will minimize the impactof media agenda setting at the social level, leading to fragmentationof the public agenda. After examining each of the problems,I suggest that the agenda-setting perspective is still worthpursuing, and I present an agenda that agenda-setting researchshould address for its future development.     

Low-intensity electrical muscle stimulation induces significant increases in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity exercise training using belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy subjects. Nineteen healthy subjects were allocated into control or intervention groups; in both groups the participants kept regular physical activity while the intervention group underwent 30 min B-SES training at 3–4 METs for four weeks. Knee extensor muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance during incremental exercise test were measured at baseline and after four weeks for all participants. The relative change of knee extensor muscle strength in the intervention group was significantly higher than control group (p?p?相似文献   

Development of software to support argumentative reading and writing by means of creating a graphic organizer from an electronic text

This paper describes the development of a software program that supports argumentative reading and writing, especially for novice students. The software helps readers create a graphic organizer from the text as a knowledge map while they are reading and use their prior knowledge to build their own opinion as new information while they think about writing their essays. Readers using this software can read a text, underline important words or sentences, pick up and dynamically cite the underlined portions of the text onto a knowledge map as quotation nodes, illustrate a knowledge map by linking the nodes, and later write their opinion as an essay while viewing the knowledge map; thus, the software bridges argumentative reading and writing. Sixty-three freshman and sophomore students with no prior argumentative reading and writing education participated in a design case study to evaluate the software in classrooms. Thirty-four students were assigned to a class in which each student developed a knowledge map after underlining and/or highlighting a text with the software, while twenty-nine students were assigned to a class in which they simply wrote their essays after underlining and/or highlighting the text without creating knowledge maps. After receiving an instruction regarding a simplified Toulmin’s model followed by instructions for the software usage in argumentative reading and writing along with reading one training text, the students read the target text and developed their essays. The results revealed that students who drew a knowledge map based on the underlining and/or highlighting of the target text developed more argumentative essays than those who did not draw maps. Further analyses revealed that developing knowledge maps fostered an ability to capture the target text’s argument, and linking students’ ideas to the text’s argument directly on the knowledge map helped students develop more constructive essays. Accordingly, we discussed additional necessary scaffolds, such as automatic argument detection and collaborative learning functions, for improving the students’ use of appropriate reading and writing strategies.

     

Multiscale fabrication of a transparent circulation type blood vessel simulator

We proposed and fabricated multiscale transparent arteriole and capillary vessel models with circular cross sections of 10-500 μm using photolithography. The circularities of the fabricated 10, 50, and 500 μm diameter microchannels were 84.0%, 61.5%, and 82.3%, respectively. Next, we connected these different models to realize a circulation type blood vessel model simulating arteriole networks. We proposed a novel connection method using an intermediate connector made of wax, which we used to connect these models to make a circulation model. In flow experiments, the fabricated models showed no leakage and circulation models with seamless connections were achieved.     

超强度激光与等离子体相互作用的数值研究

用超粒子模拟方法（Particle in Cell Method）数值研究了超强激光（10^20W/cm^2）与等离子体相互作用后产生的粒子束收缩问题.结果表明,由于超强激光照射的等离子体靶形的改变,直接影响被加速的粒子束收缩.阐述了激光辐照三角形壳靶时,等离子体向心会聚过程的数值模拟实验结果.     

Network reliability analysis of digital instrument and control system with GO-FLOW methodology

In this paper,the network reliability of an actual digital instrument and control system (DICS) network is analyzed by using GO-FLOW methodology (GFM).The evaluations of common-cause failure (CCF) and uncertainty are incorporated.Three significant CCF groups (real time servers,gateways,reactor protection system) and three typical time intervals (10 min,1 h,and 24 h) are selected in the analysis.It is concluded that the network contribution of CCF accounts for over 68% of the system failure probability.The result indicates that GFM is suitable for the network reliability analysis.     

田径项目4×100m接力下压式和上挑式的特征比较

目的:通过对"上挑式"和"下压式"传接棒方式的对比研究,找出两种传接棒方式的技术特征.通过文献资料法、影像测量法、数量统计方法,对下压式和上挑式技术的运动学特征进行了实验研究,结果表明:下压式和上挑式技术动作的难易程度没有显著性差异,对自然跑速的影响和传接棒的效率上也没有显著性差异,主要差异在于接棒运动员通过接力区的时间和传接棒结束后的加速阶段的速度上.     

Craft Education in Lower Secondary Schools in England and Japan: A comparative study

This paper compares provision for and the practice of craft education in England and Wales and Japan. Particular attention is given to craft within the National Curriculum subject of art in England and Wales and Japan at lower secondary level and to current perceptions of its educational value. Some of the key dilemmas faced by both English/Welsh and Japanese policymakers and practitioners are identified, together with cultural factors impacting on the status of craft and its successful implementation. We conclude by reflecting on the value of comparative studies of education to the research teams concerned.