集中培训与校本培训关系之研究

校本培训和集中培训是当前我国中小学教师继续教育的两种主要形式，二者在提升中小学教师素质方面都发挥着不可替代的作用。分析校本培训和集中培训的特点与存在问题，研究二者之间的关系，充分认识教师培训机构在调节二者关系中所承栽的使命和职责，从而更好地发挥二者在促进中小学教师队伍整体素质提升中的作用。     

Thermally multiplexed polymerase chain reaction

Amplification of multiple unique genetic targets using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is commonly required in molecular biology laboratories. Such reactions are typically performed either serially or by multiplex PCR. Serial reactions are time consuming, and multiplex PCR, while powerful and widely used, can be prone to amplification bias, PCR drift, and primer-primer interactions. We present a new thermocycling method, termed thermal multiplexing, in which a single heat source is uniformly distributed and selectively modulated for independent temperature control of an array of PCR reactions. Thermal multiplexing allows amplification of multiple targets simultaneously—each reaction segregated and performed at optimal conditions. We demonstrate the method using a microfluidic system consisting of an infrared laser thermocycler, a polymer microchip featuring 1 μl, oil-encapsulated reactions, and closed-loop pulse-width modulation control. Heat transfer modeling is used to characterize thermal performance limitations of the system. We validate the model and perform two reactions simultaneously with widely varying annealing temperatures (48 °C and 68 °C), demonstrating excellent amplification. In addition, to demonstrate microfluidic infrared PCR using clinical specimens, we successfully amplified and detected both influenza A and B from human nasopharyngeal swabs. Thermal multiplexing is scalable and applicable to challenges such as pathogen detection where patients presenting non-specific symptoms need to be efficiently screened across a viral or bacterial panel.     

Early childhood educators’ conceptions of infants’ capabilities: the nexus between beliefs and practice

The conceptions early childhood educators (ECEs) hold about infants can guide their pedagogical practices in ways that can enable and constrain infants’ experiences. Literature regarding infants’ development and the role of adults in infant learning theoretically positions infants as both being capable of independent learning, and needing adult intervention and involvement. However, there is a paucity of research about ECEs’ understandings of infants’ capabilities, and how these conceptions influence their practices with babies. Using the theory of practice architectures as a methodological and analytical framework, this study collaboratively examines the ways educators’ conceptions are influenced by cultural-discursive arrangements of the site, and identifies the ensuing practices. The findings show that educators held conceptions of infants as more capable of independently directing their own physical and cognitive learning, and as more dependent on educators for emotional and social learning. Considering infants as both more and less capable is discussed, and implications of how the practices might enable and constrain infants’ learning are explored.     

Taiwanese primary school teachers’ perceived enablers for and barriers to the integration of children’s literature in mathematics teaching and learning

Educational Studies in Mathematics - This study is part of the international survey studies on teachers’ beliefs concerning the integration of children’s literature in mathematics...     

Bridging the Information Literacy Gap with Clickers

A Class Performance System (CPS) is applied as an assessment tool to assist in determining the level of information literacy knowledge already possessed by adult students enrolled in a graduate Educational Leadership and Technology program. The CPS data collected reveals that students possess varying degrees of technology expertise and information literacy skills. Study results suggest that clickers facilitate differentiated information literacy pedagogy and increase engagement for graduate students.     

A multidimensional approach to overcoming challenges in leading community college math tutoring success

The United States lags behind many countries in mathematics proficiency. Quite often, students after graduating from high school are not prepared to enter college and are required to take remedial courses before taking credit-bearing math courses. This is particularly true at two-year institutions such as LaGuardia Community College, which provides the opportunity for students from a diverse background to attend college and earn a degree. Our college has created numerous initiatives to support the least prepared students. Our Mathematics Learning Center offers support for courses ranging from remedial mathematics through calculus and differential equations. In recent semesters, the mathematics department decided to dedicate a select group of faculty members to identify new ways of improving services at the center. In this paper, we argue for the need to give faculty a central role in assessing and devising appropriate policies for running a tutoring center. We discuss several challenges and solutions that would provide a multidimensional approach to students’ educational experience at a public two-year urban college.     

急性部分睡眠剥夺状态下高强度运动前后的静息态脑电微状态分析

目的:探究青少年在急性部分睡眠剥夺状态下进行高强度运动前后静息态脑电(EEG,electroencephalography)微状态的变化特征。方法:选取20名健康男性青少年(18~22岁)为实验对象,前后两次随机在正常睡眠(Control)和单次部分睡眠剥夺(Sleep Deprivation,SD)的状态下,于次日上午参与跑台的布鲁斯(Bruce)运动方案;对其运动前后6min的静息态EEG信号进行采集,基于Matlab软件对数据进行微状态分析,选取持续时间、时间覆盖率、发生频率、转换概率作为分析指标。结果:与Control相比较,受试者SD状态下的微状态C的持续时间和时间覆盖率显著增加(P<0.05),微状态D的发生频率显著减少(P<0.05),微状态A和B更倾向于向C转换(P<0.05);而SD后进行大强度运动导致受试者微状态C的持续时间和时间覆盖率极显著增加(P<0.001),微状态D的持续时间和发生频率显著减少(P<0.05),微状态A、B更倾向于向C转换,而微状态C更倾向于向B和D转换(P<0.05 & P<0.01)。结论:睡眠缺失会破坏静息态网络之间的动态平衡,这种失衡在睡眠不足状态下进行运动后会更加严重高强度。     

An unsupervised aspect extraction strategy for monitoring real-time reviews stream

One of the most important opinion mining research directions falls in the extraction of polarities referring to specific entities (aspects) contained in the analyzed texts. The detection of such aspects may be very critical especially when documents come from unknown domains. Indeed, while in some contexts it is possible to train domain-specific models for improving the effectiveness of aspects extraction algorithms, in others the most suitable solution is to apply unsupervised techniques by making such algorithms domain-independent and more efficient in a real-time environment. Moreover, an emerging need is to exploit the results of aspect-based analysis for triggering actions based on these data. This led to the necessity of providing solutions supporting both an effective analysis of user-generated content and an efficient and intuitive way of visualizing collected data. In this work, we implemented an opinion monitoring service implementing (i) a set of unsupervised strategies for aspect-based opinion mining together with (ii) a monitoring tool supporting users in visualizing analyzed data. The aspect extraction strategies are based on the use of an open information extraction strategy. The effectiveness of the platform has been tested on benchmarks provided by the SemEval campaign and have been compared with the results obtained by domain-adapted techniques.     

从《博物》的新媒体运营看科普类杂志的品牌塑造策略

【目的】当前网络科技日益成熟,新媒体平台的迅猛发展不断冲击着传统纸媒的生存空间。为了刊物的长远发展,科普类杂志应转变营销传播模式,借助新媒体平台实现自身品牌的塑造。【方法】 基于传统的杂志期刊营销模式,创新性地引入“网络整合营销传播”理论和“拟人化沟通”理论,分析以《博物》杂志为例的科普类杂志品牌塑造的策略。【结果】探讨了《博物》杂志的网络整合营销传播模式的基本架构,并基于“拟人化沟通”理论,具体分析了《博物》杂志借助新媒体平台塑造科普类杂志品牌形象的过程。【结论】《博物》杂志借助新媒体平台的运营,扩大了受众范围,提升了杂志销量,成功塑造了自身的科普类杂志品牌形象,对我国科普类杂志的品牌塑造富有现实的借鉴意义。