淫羊藿属(小檗科)花瓣的演化和地理分布格局的研究

淫羊藿属的种数与60年前大不相同，现在已知约有50种。该属种类间断地分布于日本至北非 的阿尔及利亚之间的广大地区，这一分布格局表明了该属的古老性质。它们在欧亚大陆的分布极不均 匀，约有80％的种类产于中国中部至东南部，而且根据花瓣的演化分析结果表明，只有中国的淫羊藿属 植物具有连续不断的演化过程。由此可见，中国中部至东南部成为北半球淫羊藿属植物的汇集中心是 有充分根据的。淫羊藿属种类基本上是林地草本植物，常生于水青冈林下，为林下草本层的优势种，而 且该属的分布格局与第三纪植物属——水青冈属在欧亚大陆的分布格局极为相似，说明淫羊藿属植物 在早第三纪时期已广泛分布于北半球。中新世时期由于中亚地区气候变干，加之印度板块向欧亚大陆 俯冲并引起喜马拉雅山脉隆起，致使中亚地区进一步干旱，水青冈属和淫羊霍属植物随之消失，进而导致其东亚—地中海、西亚间断分布格局的形成。     

中国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属的现代生态地理分布及其意义

 1．我国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属，主要分布于我国东南部、南部和西南 部，大约相当于我国亚热带常绿阔叶林带的范围。其垂直分布一般在海拔100— 1800米之间，少数属可达2800米，但不逾越海拔3000米。 2．我国松杉类特有属分布地区的水热条件，大致为年平均温度在10℃-20℃之间，绝对最低温度为-6.3℃——11.3℃， 年降水量一般在2000毫米左右。土壤pH 4．0—5．5之间，呈酸性反应。 3．我国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属数约占全世界松杉类特有属数的37.5%，是世界上最丰富、分布最为集中的地区。这些属的化石出现于晚白垩纪或第三纪时期。  因此，我国无疑是松杉类特有属的现代地理分布中心和保存中心。这对进一步研究松杉类植物的发生和发展，具有重要的意义。     

贵州梵净山水青冈林在地理分布上的意义

 In this paper, the distribution of three species of beech forests, regarding their position on differently facing slopas and at different elevations, as well as their pollen distribution, on Fanching Shan situated in  Kweichow  Province  in  South-eastern China is discussed.      It is the fact that (1) Being affected by the air currents of the Pacific Monsoon, and by its own topographic variation, the difference between the north and south slopes in its eastern and western flanks reflected on the plant communities by the humidity-warmth relationships (fig. 2, 3; tab. 2, 3, 4). (2) The patterns of the hori- zontal distribution of three species in China show that Fagus engleriana has a northern-most range, F. longipetiolata the southern-most range, while F. lucida is intermediate between them (fig. 5). (3) From the palynological analysis of the soil layers, the waxing and waning of the different tendencies of Fagus spp. on different slopes are rather prominent.      The discussion is made mainly as follows.  The relationship between the state of growth and humidity-warmth conditions is shown (fig. 6).  In accordance with the conditions of the vertical, horizonal and palynological distribution of beeches, we have tried to present a figure (fig. 7) which shows the waxing and waning tendencies of three species of Fagus historically, with respect to different slopes.  The southern slope of western flank (Ws) is now in a state moderate growth of Fagus longipetio- lata; in the past, there had been a period which saw this beech enjoying a gradual increase, but later on it began to wane till it reaches the present state.  The Wn slope had seen a gradual increase of Fagus lucida in the historical time (at the same time there was an accompanying slow increase of F. longipetiolata), till a certain period when the total number of beech pollen grains decreases gradually in the analysis; this is followed again by a slight increase, the last increase is apparently due to the fact that in spite of the decrease of F. lucida, there was a great increase in F. longi- petiolata.  The two effects combine to make the line of curve to lower rather than to rise.  The Es slope has in its historical past a period when beeches were favoured with a steady increase, and this tendency is apparently still in progress today, although it is approaching its culmination.  The En slope had seen Fagus engleriana in a slowly receding tendency, and sees it now almost in the process of being eli- minated, to be replaced by F. lucida.  Through the explanation given above, we have thereby an understanding about the relationship between the climatic changes in the historical time and the waxing and waning of the different beeches in both time andspace.     

西藏波密古乡地区的主要植物群落及其垂直分布

    本文讨论了西藏波密古乡地区的主要植物群落及其垂直分布。     1．根据小带间植物种类相似系数情况，将波密古乡地区南、北坡划成八个植物垂直带     (图1)。        2．描述了七个不同性质的植物群落。各群落分布与水热条件之间的相互关系如图2所     示。    3．由于不同水热条件的影响，各植被带间在植物种数上的差异是比较显著的(表3)。     

秦岭太白山地区的植物区系和植被

太白山位居秦岭的中段，为秦岭山脉第一高峰。该山区是我国温带植物区系最丰富的地区之一， 约有种子植物1782种，隶属于125科，657属，包括热带属130属，温带属436属和特有属24属。该地 区20个较大科的种数，约占其全部植物区系的66.6％，其中特有种653种。本文对这些大科的性质及 其在植物区系和植被中的作用进行了分析讨论。在分析了全部属和植物群落优势种的地理分布的基础 上，着重讨论了该地区与其他九个山区的植物区系关系。   　本文对植被垂直带划分；主要植物群落的基本特点和区系相似性；物种多样性与海拔高度变化的关 系以及生活型谱与不同坡向和海拔变化的关系等作了具体分析。对该地区主要植物群落的形成时期以 及对秦岭地区植物区系的过渡性质提出了自己的看法。从植物学角度出发，秦岭地区作为亚热带和温带 植物的分界线的提法与该地区的植物区系和植物群落性质以及水热条件情况不相符合     

中国裸子植物分布区的研究(1)——松科植物的地理分布

 松科是裸子植物中最大的科，共有10属，约240种。我国有9属，约119种，其中2属     为我国特有属，67种为特有种。  本文概述了我国松科各属的水平分布和垂直分布规律；对各     属分布区进行了对比分析。除油杉属和松属外，其余各属的分布，既不深入到极为干旱的地     区，也不深入到热带山区。本文提出川西滇北地区是松科大部分属的发展中心，同时讨论了某     些属的分布区的退却变化。本文还认为，在目前该科化石资料不十分充足的条件下，要确定松    科及其各属的起源中心，可能性是不大的。     

中国植物区系中的特有现象——特有属的研究

本文对我国种子植物特有属作了初步研究，提出如下几点粗浅的看法：     1．根据我国各特有属的现代地理分布格局，大部分特有属具有明显的温带性特点。     2．我国特有属在水平分布上具有极不均匀的特点。各特有属的广布程度都很低，生态特     化现象十分明显。在垂直分布上，则主要分布于中海拔地区。特有属数目并不随海拔增高而     增多。     3．根据特有属分布的密集程度和分布区边界的密集交叠情况，划定了三个特有属分布中    心，即川东—鄂西中心, 滇东南—桂西中心和川西—滇西北中心。前二中心可能是残遗中心，后一中心则可能为分化中心。     

小檗科八角莲属和桃儿七属(新属)的研究

 1.  A classification is made on seven species of the genus Dysosma, of which four are proposed as new combinations, and one as new species.      2.  The pollens of six species in the genus Dysosma and two species of Podophyl- lum are examined.  Morphologically, the Asiatic. P. emodi is radically distinct from the North American P. peltatum and can be separated from Podophyllum as an indepen- dent genus-Sinopodophyllum.      3.  The trend of evolution in Dysosma  (fig. 2)and its relationships with the genera Sinopodophyllum and podophyllum are discussed.      4.  Based on the evidence from an analysis of the  ecology  and  geographical distribution of the component species (fig. 3), the problem of the centre of develop- ment of the genus Dysosma has been discussed.         

鄂西神农架地区的植被和植物区系

 Shennungia is generally known as “The highest mountain in Central China”. It is situated at latitude 31°342'N., longitude 110°35'E. in western Hupeh.       The area explored is deeply cut in all sides by five V-shaped valleys, giving the landscape a steep topography.  Its summit is about 3105 meters above the sea level, and the relative altitude is from 1000-2000 meters.      The climate of the region is warm temperate.  The differences of humidity-warmth condition between the eastern and the western flanks are quite marked.      In western Hupeh and the adjacent area of Szechuan the rugged topography still preserves some tracts of natural forests at higher elevations.  Our vegetational survey is confined to localities above 1500 meters. The collection of plant samples of the flora is extended to the whole mountain from the foothill to the peak.  The present article deals with only a part of the results of our survey.      1.  The vertical vegetation belts of Mt. Shennungia and relationships with other regions:  The vegetation belts on the eastern and the western flanks of the mountain are shown in diagram 2 and 3.  The comparison of the vertical vegetation zones of the Mt. Shennungia with those of the Yülungshan in N. W. Yunnan and the eastern Himalaya to the west and with those of Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east is shown in table 4, It shows that the plant communities of the Mt. Shennungia are of temperate nature, and they are more closely related to those of Hwangshan in S. Anhwei and of Central Japan than to the eastern Himalaya.      2.  Floristic composition: The generic ranges of flowering plant are relatively distinct and stable. Various distributional patterns of genera are analysized.      1)  Statistics of the genera in various distributional patterns: The total number of genera of flowering plants in this region are 762, belonging to the following four categories. A) tropical genera 239 (31.3%), B)  temperate  genera  416 (54.7%),  C) endemic genera 47 (6%), and D) comsmopolitan genera 61 (8%).       2)  Endemic genera:  An examination of the composition of the flora in western Hupeh reveals that 47 endemic Chinese genera occur in this mountain of which 24 are monotypic genera, 20 oligotypic and 2 multitypic as shown in Table 4. The arborescent genera are nearly all deciduous. They are of temperate nature.       3)  Temperate genera:  There are 416  genera in  wastern Hupeh.  They  are subdivides into the following three groups according to their distributional patterns: A)  The north temperate genera: There are 159 genera belonging to 62 families in western Hupeh. B)  Eastern Asian genera:  There are 117 genera belonging to 69 families in western Hupeh.  Among them 22 are common to the western Szechuan, adjacent regions of Yunnan and the Eastern Himalaya.  The remaining 95 genera are commom to both eastern China and Japan. C) The Eastern Asian-eastern North- American genera:  Of the total 762 genera known in western Hupeh, 64 are disjunc- tively distributed in both eastern Asia and eastern North-America.       4)  The tropical genera: Of the 762 genera of the flowering plant of western Hupeh, 239 (31%) are of tropical nature.       Finally, our survey shows:  1. Many of the primitive temperate genera and ende- mic relicts concentrate in western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan indica- ting that it might be one of refuges of tertiary flora. Moreover, it might also be one of the most important regions of differentiation, development and distribution of tem- perature flora. 2.  The vegetation of this region is not only of temperate nature, but also of a transitional nature. 3.  According to an analysis of the flora and a compari- son of the vertical distribution of the vegetation of Yülungshan and Eastern Himalaya to the west with Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east, the floristic affinity of western Hupeh is more closely related to eastern China and Central Japan rather than to the Eastern Himalaya, and phytogeographically this region is intermediate between the Sino-Himalayan and the Sino-Japanese patterns.  However, the problem of phyto- geography of western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan is a complicated one requiring further study.