美国生命伦理学原则之争对中国伦理政策制定的启示

全球化时代,生命实践活动中纷繁复杂的理论问题,不断影响和制约着伦理政策制定的方向和动力。如何结合国外发达国家的经验,探索与中国文化传统相结合的、适应中国国情的伦理政策路径方法,是当代中国生命伦理事业的重大课题。对当代生命科学伦理的前沿问题的争论与分歧现状进行分析,深入研究发达国家生命伦理学原则的深层哲学基础与国家伦理政策之间的关系,尤其是研究对当前中国生命科学学科未来发展的伦理取向,具有重大的现实意义。     

教育叙事研究十年：方法论的流变与自觉

作为本世纪初十年最为醒目的研究范式,教育叙事研究的方法论价值得到了充分的肯定。但教育叙事研究的情节问题,叙事结构问题,研究者的主体经验问题,教育叙事的研究品性与信度、效度等问题域,还需要进一步地明确与澄清。与此同时,“空间”、“复调”的叙事艺术、开放性的叙事实践与作为理论形态的教育叙事日益受到研究者的关注,这成为教育叙事研究方法论拓展与反思的重要表征。然而,从更高的方法论追求来看,教育叙事研究不能仅徘徊或止步于叙事方法的创新层面。教育叙事研究不仅是方法与技术的领域,它更是一个人文与伦理的世界。教育叙事研究需要超越技术性、艺术性的层面,进而成为一种具有教育学科责任和生命伦理关怀的教育研究范式。     

On the Possibility of Organ Markets and the Performativity of Economics

Callon's (1998) ‘performativity thesis’ encourages us to consider how the boundaries of the economy are negotiated. This paper explores one such discussion: the contributions of economics to the debates over the introduction of markets for transplant organs. The paper pays particular attention to the normative aspects of economic valuation. It examines the philosophical antecedents of economic contributions to the debate, notes the rhetorical and linguistic power of economic calculation and then focuses on three distinct sets of calculations concerning the value of a transplant kidney: a contingent valuation calculation, a risk-premia based calculation, and a cost-efficiency simulation. In each case, it shows that economic facts, once created, may travel freely through normative debates and claim moral force. The technical process of economic modelling is therefore seen to be a crucial aspect of the economisation of this area, and of economic performativity more generally.     

历史性的生成：科技理性与生命伦理的当代相遇

科技理性与生命伦理之间的关系问题日益成为学术界探讨的一个热点问题。而科技理性与生命伦理在当代的相遇乃是一种历史性的生成。我们应当充分尊重历史,应当在现有的条件下积极地去解决二者相遇后所产生的实际问题,而不是一味地将二者看做是对立且不可协调的。只有这有,才能以一种历史性的视角来看待科技理性与生命伦理之间的矛盾,也才能够使得二者的矛盾在历史的＂总体性＂生成中得到合理地解决。     

运动生理学研究中的道德伦理与困境——基于生命伦理学视阈的研究

运用文献资料、专家访谈法等研究方法,对生命伦理学的演进及其在我国的研究状况进行了阐述。在此基础上,对我国运动生理学研究中的道德伦理与面临的困境进行了深入剖析,最后,针对存在的问题提出了一些富有建设性的对策与意见。     

关于生命法的学科思考——生命法的概念及生命法学学科的现状与问题

 生命法是现代生命科技发展催生的一个法学新概念。当前,学界对生命法的概念这一概念还存在较多争议,对生命法含义的科学界定应当建立在对生命伦理学之概念的科学把握之上。我国的生命法学在研究过程中还存在不少问题,需要在今后的学科建设与发展过程中加以注意。     

Ethical Rationales and Guidelines for the Continued Use of Archival Collections of Embryonic and Fetal Specimens

Benefits from the use of cadavers in anatomical education are well described. Historically, human embryos and fetal cadavers were used in anatomy education to understand development and congenital malformations. Recently, three-dimensional printed models produced from archival fetal specimens, and online repositories of images from archival collections of embryos and fetuses, have been used as an educational tool in human development courses. Given that the archival specimens were likely obtained prior to the era of informed consent, this raises questions about their appropriate and ethical use. Because some institutions in the United States retain archival collections of embryonic and fetal specimens that were once used as educational tools, their existence and utility require frequent reexamination against contemporary ethical frameworks to guide appropriate use or utilization. Four ethical rationales for uses of these collections are examined, including destruction, indefinite storage, use in research, and use in health professions education. Guidelines for the use of archival collections of human embryos and fetuses are presented. Indefinite storage and use in health professions education are supported, while use in research is also permitted, however, such use is limited and dependent on circumstance and purpose. The development of current digital repositories and three-dimensionally printed models based on archival collections that were collected without informed consent, or those promoting commercial opportunity, are not supported. New embryonic and fetal donations obtained with informed consent should include reference to potential uses with new technology and virtual, genetic, or imaging applications.     

生命伦理的诗学建构：评当代美国作家安·帕契特的小说艺术

当代美国作家安·帕契特的小说一个重要特点在于其对人性和生命伦理的关注。她以细腻的笔触为读者构建了一个充满爱意和温情的生命世界。她笔下的人物在历经困惑和挫折之后,最终超越经验世界的束缚,转而关注关系世界中他人的感受和得失。     

中华和谐人文精神的生命伦理意蕴

中华和谐人文精神构成了中华民族思想文化的主题。它涵盖了中华民族精神生活的各个方面,是中华人文精神的灵魂。它主要涉及了三个方面的关系:一是人与自然的关系,二是人与人之间的关系而形成的社会关系,三是人与自身的关系。从生命伦理角度看,中华和谐人文精神要求关爱生命,突出生命伦理的基础性;勇于担当,提升生命伦理的根本性;家国一体,注重生命伦理的社会性;天人合一,实现生命伦理的全面性;博采众长,增强生命伦理的融合性;与时俱进,实现生命伦理的创新性。在社会主义现代化建设的新时期,进一步弘扬中华民族传统文化,推进中华人文精神和生命伦理建设,具有积极的时代意义。     

生命伦理学:真与善的对话与交融

生命伦理学是生命科学与伦理学的交叉学科。面对生命科学技术飞速发展带来的一系列伦理学、社会学和法学等难题,科学家、伦理学家、法学家与政府政策制定者之相互协作,在这错综复杂的关系中做出评判,寻求符合国情的解决办法。