Initial Communication with and Attitudes toward International Students: Testing the Mediating Effects of Friendship Formation Variables

From the theoretical perspectives of intergroup contact, predicted outcome value (POV), and similarity-attraction, this study examined U.S. host nationals’ (N = 342) communicative behaviours in a recent initial encounter with an international student and attitudes toward the student’s cultural group as a whole. Testing of two models indicated the significant sequential mediator effects of perceived similarity-social attraction and POV-social attraction between communication variables (e.g. amount of communication exchange in both models, self-disclosure in model 1, and information seeking in model 2), and intergroup attitudes (e.g. behavioural attitudes). Findings in general demonstrated that contact effects in the intercultural context varied according to specific measures of communication, the mediating mechanisms, and intergroup attitudes.     

真情演绎人生——萧红散文品格初论

作为抒情小说家的萧红，同样以真情创作散文，演绎人生，每一篇散文，都是其人生轨迹的记录，有血浓于水的亲情，有至真至纯的友情，有苦多乐少的爱情，有深沉挚烈的思家爱国之情，通过情感世界显示自己的人格精神，创造了情景交隔、意境优美的独特的审美品格。     

Being ‘nice’ or being ‘normal’: girls resisting discourses of ‘coolness’

In this paper we consider discourses of friendship and belonging mobilised by girls who are not part of the dominant ‘cool’ group in one English primary school. We explore how, by investing in alternative and, at times, resistant, discourses of ‘being nice’ and ‘being normal’ these ‘non-cool’ girls were able to avoid some of the struggles for dominance and related bullying and exclusion found by us and other researchers to be a feature of ‘cool girls’ groupings. We argue that there are multiple dynamics in girls' lives in which being ‘cool’ is only sometimes a dominant concern. There are some children for whom explicitly positioning themselves outside of the ‘cool’ group is both resistant and protective, providing a counter-discourse to the dominance of ‘coolness’. In this paper, which is based on observational and interview data in one school in the south of England, we focus on two main groupings of intermediate and lower status girls, as well as on one ‘wannabe’ ‘cool girl’. While belonging to a lower status group can bring disadvantages for the girls we studied, there were also benefits.     

关于中国国际友好城市问题的探讨——以中澳友好省州/城市为例

截至2009年底,我国与五大洲125个国家建立了1683对友好城市关系。自1979年广东省与澳大利亚新南威尔士州建立第一个友好省州关系以来,中国与澳大利亚友好省州/城市关系在数量和质量上都取得了突破性进展。友好城市关系在我国对外交流和发展中发挥了重要作用:消除不同国家之间在文化上的隔阂,促进双方理解和交流;推动国家和地方政府间的经济与贸易合作;成为国家和政府间外交的有益补充。虽然目前中国国际友好城市关系在促进中外文化交流和对外经济发展方面取得了一定成绩,但也存在许多问题。以中澳友好城市关系为例:首先,财政问题是影响友好城市关系发展的重要因素;其次,友好城市关系缺乏严格统一的管理机构;第三,政府在友好城市关系中尚未发挥其应有的作用。为进一步拓展对外结好工作,更好地发挥友好城市在对外交流和地方经济发展中的作用,特提出如下建议:首先,应慎重选择友好城市的结好对象;其次,要从民间和政府两个层面扩大友好城市之间的交流;第三,要以友好城市关系为重要桥梁和渠道,进一步加强经贸领域的合作。     

蒙田论友谊

蒙田结合自身的经验探讨友谊问题,把友谊划分为普通友谊和崇高友谊.普通友谊表现为四种形式,即血缘的、社交的、待客的和男女情爱的,它们总是与世俗的功利目的或需要相联系,友谊本身手段化,是低层次的;崇高友谊是以真诚为基础的两个品德高尚者的相互吸引,友谊自身即是目的,它是通向人生幸福的桥梁.     

走下神坛的李、杜——李、杜关系若干问题的历史真相

李白与杜甫是我国古代同时并称于世的诗中双璧,他们之间的交往与友谊成为了各个时代人们格外关注的话题。但是,由于人们感情倾向的差异,李杜关系曾一度地被扭曲。因此,本文将重新考察他们交往时的具体情况和当时人们对他们的接受现实,力图客观、公正地评价李杜之间短暂但却永恒的交谊关系。     

论向子諲的《酒边词》

向子諲的《酒边词》含《江南新词》与《江北旧词》。前者收南渡以后之作,较深刻地反映了现实,以诗为词,多旷放之作,艺术表现上较有生气。后者收南渡以前之词作,内容多写闺情、恋情,艺术上承继欧、晏词风,本色当行,受到选家的重视,然欠创新锋芒。     

论向子諲的《酒边词》

向子諲的《酒边词》含《江南新词》与《江北旧词》。前者收南渡以后之作,较深刻地反映了现实,以诗为词,多旷放之作,艺术表现上较有生气。后者收南渡以前之词作,内容多写闺情、恋情,艺术上承继欧、晏词风,本色当行,受到选家的重视,然欠创新锋芒。     

略论孙云锦与张謇的师生情谊

在1871年的＂冒籍案＂中,时任通州知州的孙云锦给了张謇很大帮助。正是这一援助,为二人随后的交往奠定了感情基础。此后,这位长者频频向张謇伸出援手,同治十三年,延请张謇为江宁发审局书记,至光绪十三年,孙云锦调任开封知府,张謇再次应邀入幕,其间,在学业、生活、做人上不断地给予张謇鼓励与关怀。二人的师生情谊一直延续了16年,直至孙氏去世。     

哲人与神父的友谊——从《诸神渴了》的公民宗教谈起

伊壁鸠鲁派哲人勃娄陀与天主教神父龙格玛尔、雅各宾分子甘墨兰关于宗教问题的不同看法是小说的重心。勃娄陀在看清了公民宗教的弊端后选择了与受到新政权迫害的天主教神父缔结友谊,哲人在传统天主教与雅各宾派公民宗教之间的身位得以彰显。