模拟海拔2000m和3000m高原训练的不同时程对大鼠骨骼肌蛋白质代谢的影响

用低压氧舱模拟海拔2 000 m、3 000 m高原低氧环境对大鼠进行耐力训练,探讨不同海拔高原训练1周及返回平原训练1～2周对大鼠骨骼肌蛋白质代谢及肌糖原和血清睾酮含量的影响.研究发现:海拔2 000 m、3 000 m高原耐力训练导致大鼠骨骼肌蛋白质分解代谢显著加强,肌糖原含量显著提高,并有随高度增加而加强的趋势,但血清睾酮含量无明显变化;返回平原后骨骼肌蛋白质代谢第1周迅速恢复到正常状态,第2周保持稳定,肌糖原含量第1周下降,第2周显著回升,而血清睾酮含量均无明显变化;实验支持高原训练的高度应选择在2 000 m～3 000 m之间、回平原参赛时间应选择在2周左右的观点.     

硒,硒缺乏和运动

硒是人体必须的微量元素,近年来,硒的生化作用的研究已成为国内外研究的兴奋点.而硒缺乏与运动对人体的影响在运动医学界取得的成就也日益引起人们的关注,这也为运动界,营养学界提供了新参考.     

锌与有氧运动对肥胖患者体重指数和细胞免疫功能的作用

探讨微量元素锌与有氧运动对肥胖患者细胞免疫功能的影响。将30例12～30岁肥胖患者按体重指数值随机分为补锌有氧运动组和有氧运动组,采用PHA体外诱导淋巴细胞增殖,观测诱导后淋巴细胞的增殖能力,并测定细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ血清浓度的变化;用LDH释放法测定NK和LAK细胞的杀伤活性,对结果进行统计学处理。两组结果相比较,经过锻炼后体重指数均下降,但补锌有氧运动组下降更为明显(P<0.05);补锌有氧运动组患者血液的淋巴细胞对PHA诱导的增殖能力显著增强(P<0.05);血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平也显著升高(P<0.05);NK和LAK细胞的杀伤活性亦明显增强(P<0.05)。补锌加有氧运动可以改善肥胖患者细胞免疫功能状态,降低体重,增强机体的抵抗力,有利于帮助患者机体康复。     

锌对力竭运动时大鼠肝脑组织自由基代谢的影响

以大鼠力竭性运动为模型，观察锌对力竭运动时肝和脑组织中自由基代谢的影响。结果显示：力竭运动后即刻，肝、脑组织的MDA和SOD显著下降。补充锌能使力竭运动时肝、脑组织的MDA明显降低，阻止SOD下降，并使大鼠运动至力竭的时间稍有延长。提示，力竭运动使大鼠肝、脑组织中的自由基代谢加强。锌在大鼠肝、脑组织中具有很强的抗氧化作用，从而消除运动时产生的过量自由基。     

No effect of acute and chronic supramaximal exercise on circulating levels of the myokine SPARC

Myokines may play a role in the health benefits of regular physical activity. Secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a pleiotropic myokine that has been shown to be released into the bloodstream by skeletal muscle in response to aerobic exercise. As there is evidence suggesting that SPARC release may be linked to glycogen breakdown and activation of 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, we hypothesised that brief supramaximal exercise may also be associated with increased serum SPARC levels. In the present study, 10 participants (3 women; mean?±?SD age: 21?±?3 y, body mass index (BMI): 22?±?3?kg?m^?2, and V˙O_2max: 39?±?6?mL?kg^?1?min^?1) performed an acute bout of supramaximal cycle exercise (20-s Wingate sprint against 7.5% of body mass, with a 1-min warm-up and a 3-min cool-down consisting of unloaded cycling). Serum SPARC levels were determined pre-exercise as well as 0, 15, and 60?min post-exercise and corrected for plasma volume change. To determine whether regular exercise affected the acute SPARC response, participants repeated the acute exercise protocol three times per week for four weeks, and serum SPARC response to supramaximal exercise was reassessed after this period. Acute supramaximal exercise significantly decreased plasma volume (?10%; p?<?.001), but was not associated with a significant change in serum SPARC levels at either the pre-training or post-training testing sessions. In conclusion, in contrast to aerobic exercise, a single brief supramaximal cycle sprint is not associated with an increase in serum SPARC levels, suggesting that SPARC release is not related to skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown.     

Self-reported symptoms and risk factors for digital ischaemia among international world-class beach volleyball players

The prevalence of ischaemia-related symptoms is remarkably high among elite indoor volleyball players. Since the exposure to sport-specific demands may be higher in beach volleyball compared to indoor volleyball, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ischaemia-related symptoms and associated risk factors among world-class beach volleyball players. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was performed among beach volleyball players active during the 2013 Grand Slam Beach Volleyball in the Netherlands. In total, 60 of the 128 beach volleyball players (47%) participated: 26 males and 34 females from 17 countries. The self-reported prevalence of cold or blue or pale digits in the dominant hand during or immediately after practice or competition was 38% (n = 23). Two risk factors were independently associated with symptoms of blue or pale digits: more than 14 years playing volleyball (odds ratio (OR) 4.42, 90% confidence interval (90% CI) 1.30–15.07) and sex (female) (OR 4.62, 90% CI 1.15–18.57). In conclusion, the prevalence of symptoms associated with digital ischaemia is high among international world-class beach volleyball players. Female sex and the length of the volleyball career were independently associated with an increased risk of ischaemia-related symptoms. The high prevalence of these seemingly innocuous symptoms and possible associated risk factors warrant regular monitoring since early detection can potentially prevent thromboembolic complications and irreversible tissue damage.     

C语言的指针

以具体实例详细介绍了C语言指针复杂说明的理解方法;分析指针使用中的常见错误及解决方法;利用指针和动态分配函数实现程序运行中堆的自由空间的支配和释放。     

水分胁迫下亚精胺对小麦幼苗蛋白质含量与蛋白酶活性的影响

研究了水分胁迫下亚精胺对小麦幼苗相对含水量、叶绿素总量、蛋白质含量和蛋白酶活性的影响。结果显示,亚精胺预处理延缓水分胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片含水量、叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量的下降,抑制蛋白酶活性的上升。表明亚精胺预处理对水分胁迫的小麦幼苗具有防衰抗旱的保护作用。     

蛋白质热变性对大豆分离蛋白微波膨化的影响

研究了蒸煮造成的蛋白质变性对微波膨化的影响，以及微波膨化过程中蛋白质发生变化的情况，并从物料的质构和膨化能量等方面对微波膨化蛋白质物料的机理做出分析。     

丙氨酸尾式卟啉及其锌配合物的电化学性质

本文采用循环伏安法研究了 5 -邻 [N - (L -丙氨酸 ) -乙氧基 ]苯基 - 10 ,15 ,2 0 -三苯基卟啉及其锌配合物在CH2 Cl2 为溶剂和TBPA为电解质条件下的电化学性质 .在循环伏安图中 ,两种物质都呈现 4对可逆的氧化还原峰 ,其氧化还原过程仅发生在卟啉的π电子体系上 .同时对其电化学反应机理作了推测