学习团队协作信息搜索的共享心智模型研究

[目的/意义] 对协作信息搜索进行深入研究，为专业化协作信息搜索系统平台建设优化等提供启发和借鉴。[方法/过程] 聚焦于学习团队的信息搜索行为，以高校学生为研究样本，以共享心智模型为切入点，采用扎根理论研究方法，探讨协作信息搜索中团队共享心智模型建构过程。[结果/结论] 识别出四大核心环节——个体感知与探索、团队任务解析、团队信息收集和团队信息整合，并理清各环节的认知活动与共享心智模型内容要素。     

探索式搜寻意图对搜寻策略选择的影响机制研究

[目的/意义]研究旨在回答不同探索式搜寻意图的用户如何表达信息需求,不同的需求表达倾向于采用哪种搜寻策略,以及该选择机制如何受用户预期绩效的影响。[方法/过程]通过理论研究探索用户搜寻意图的复杂性和搜寻策略的多元化,结合用户需求表达和用户预期绩效的分析,建立用户探索式搜寻意图对搜寻策略选择的影响机制的理论研究框架,通过情景模拟问卷获取搜寻行为数据,以揭示无向信息收集、有向信息收集、知识获取、建议咨询、社会联系5种探索式搜寻意图在选择综合搜索引擎、专业搜索引擎、个人空间SMQA、问答平台提问和短视频网站浏览策略时的策略偏好及其成因。[结果/结论]研究表明,探索式搜寻意图需求表达的差异受搜寻目标的性质和用户认知能力的影响;不同需求表达的搜寻策略选择具有显著差异;预期绩效的调节作用促进了探索式搜寻策略选择的多元化和策略转换。     

Risk,affect, and policy support: public perception of air pollution in China

Air pollution is a critical environmental problem that has spurred great public concern in China. This study examines how issue salience, environmental value, risk perception, and affective response influence information seeking, objective knowledge, and policy support related to this issue. The recent release of a controversial environmental documentary on Chinese social media, Under the Dome, also prompted us to explore the impact of exposure to this documentary on Chinese social media users’ information seeking and policy support related to air pollution. Results showed that risk perception and negative affect influenced information seeking and policy support both directly and indirectly. Also, exposure to the documentary moderated the effects of key variables on information seeking and policy support. However, contrary to our expectations, no significant relationship was found between information seeking and objective knowledge. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.     

The Effect of Web Search Result Display on Users’ Perceptual Experience and Information Seeking Performance

ABSTRACT

Adding multiple sources of information in the display of Web search results may negatively affect users’ perceptual experience and information-seeking behavior. This claim was established by investigating the impact of different Web search compositions on users’ ability to extract specific information. In this article, we assumed that the quantity and order of different compositions (areas) in the Web search results page may contribute to individual’s ability to find information relevant to their search queries. An eye-tracking device was used to observe and compare the perceptual behavior of 14 users in an information-seeking task. The results showed that the use of different compositions in the display of Web results page significantly influenced users’ perceptual experience by reducing their attention to the organic results area. The quantity of these compositions was found to greatly increase the cognitive load of users when attempting to retrieve information from the organic area, which negatively affects their information-seeking performance. Our finding provides a rationale for further studies to consider the impact of quantity and order of Web page compositions on individuals’ perceptual attention and cognitive load in information-seeking task settings.     

Questioner or question: Predicting the response rate in social question and answering on Sina Weibo

With the noted popularity of social networking sites, people increasingly rely on these social networks to address their information needs. Although social question and answering is potentially an important venue seeking information online, it, unfortunately, suffers from a problem of low response rate, with the majority of questions receiving no response. To understand why the response rate of social question and answering is low and hopefully to increase it in the future, this research analyzes extrinsic factors that may influence the response probability of questions posted on Sina Weibo. We propose 17 influential factors from 2 different perspectives: the content of the question, and the characteristics of the questioner. We also train a prediction model to forecast a question's likelihood of being responded based on the proposed features We test our predictive model on more than 60,000 real-world questions posted on Weibo, which generate more than 600,000 responses. Findings show that a Weibo's question answerability is primarily contingent on the questioner versus the question. Our findings indicate that using appreciation emojis can increase a question's response probability, whereas the use of hashtags negatively influences the chances of receiving answers. Our contribution is in providing insights for the design and development of future social question and answering tools, as well as for enhancing social network users’ collaboration in supporting social information seeking activities.     

健康素养对用户健康信息在线搜索行为的影响分析

[目的/意义] 结合网络健康信息搜索情境,从健康知识素养和健康信息检索素养两个视角出发,对用户健康信息搜索行为的过程变量和结果变量进行影响分析,探究健康素养对用户健康信息检索行为的影响机理。[方法/过程] 采用情境模拟实验和问卷调查相结合的方法,选取在校大学生为实验对象,利用SPSS多变量方差分析和独立样本T检验归纳出用户健康信息检索过程呈现的规律特点,并探究用户健康素养及搜索经验与网络健康信息搜索行为过程变量和结果变量的影响关系。[结果/结论] 结果表明,用户的健康知识素养和健康信息检索素养对搜索过程变量分别有较大影响,对搜索结果变量有交互影响。     

数字环境下城乡青年健康信息搜寻行为研究

[目的/意义] 从信息行为视角阐释城乡青年在健康信息领域的表征与原由,为相关管理部门制定政策与措施、医疗与网站等健康服务教育机构提升健康信息服务提供参考。[方法/过程] 采用半结构化访谈收集24位20-29岁河南省城乡青年的健康信息搜寻行为数据,考察数字环境下城乡青年健康信息需求动机、信息搜寻行为特点及异同,借助Nvivo对数据进行整理、编码和内容分析。从网络获取方式、手机与电脑使用体验差异、健康信息需求类别、搜寻途径、检索方式及平台选择等方面对城乡青年健康信息搜寻行为的共性与差异予以分析。[结果/结论] 与农村青年相比,城市青年健康信息需求范围更广泛、检索策略与平台选择多样化。论文提出城乡青年间“数字鸿沟”的存在可能引发“健康信息鸿沟”的风险,根源在于收入水平、受教育程度、信息技术使用能力等因素直接影响数字环境下网络接入、使用及信息化水平。     

租值消散理论述评

租值消散意味着本来有价值的资源或财产由于一些原因而价值下降或价值消失。造成租值消散的原因主要是资源或财产的产权没有明确界定。在大多数权利没有明确界定的情况下，资源或财产的租值虽然会消散，但不会消散到零，其消散的程度取决于当事人面临的选择程度和形成合约安排的交易成本，原因在于当事人都是极大化的。租值消散理论对于我们理解产权安排对资源配置的重大作用具有重要的启发意义。     

从学生就职谈能力培养的内容

从学生的就业市场分析中，我们认为，学生在大学期间应培养以下六种能力：一，适应社会能力；二，组织管理能力；三，学表达能力；四，人际交往能力，五，开拓创新能力；六，决策能力。     

谈中学数学教学中求异思维能力的培养

结合教学实践谈如何培养学生的求异思维品质,提高学生的求异思维能力。