造就我国新一代图书馆自动化信息系统开发队伍

首次提出造就我国新一代图书馆自动化信息系统开发队伍的基本构想。并论证了只有通过较高的SW-CMM以及SSE-CMM国际认证才能够造就出我国新一代图书馆自动化信息系统开发队伍。     

The Bicycle Assembly Line Game

“The Bicycle Assembly Line Game” is a team‐based, in‐class activity that helps students develop a basic understanding of continuously operating processes. Each team of 7–10 students selects one of seven prefigured bicycle assembly lines to operate. The lines are run in real‐time, and the team that operates the line that yields the highest revenue wins. Students learn through discovery “What drives output rate?”; “How is capacity managed relative to market demand?”; and “Why does inventory accumulate?” Because task times are constant, the game provides a nice lead‐in to the topic of line balancing. This game has been successfully used in both undergraduate‐ and MBA‐level operations management courses.     

氯化镧对铝胁迫下大豆幼苗抗氧化能力及光合性能的影响

目的:探究镧对大豆铝胁迫的缓解效应;方法:以铝敏感大豆BD2为材料,进行50μmol/L铝胁迫处理,然后添加不同浓度氯化镧(10、100和1000 mg L/L)测定大豆幼苗抗氧化及光合指标;结果:与对照组相比较,铝胁迫导致大豆幼苗根系伸长率、根冠比、鲜重及干重显著降低,叶片SOD、POD活性显著降低,且MDA含量显著升高,叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO_2浓度也均显著下降;而与铝胁迫处理相比,不同浓度镧处理对大豆幼苗根长、鲜重与干重、SOD与POD活性有不同程度地促进作用,并显著降低MDA含量,同时提高叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量,增强光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度,其中以10 mg/L镧处理效果最好;结论:适宜浓度的镧处理能够通过增强大豆幼苗的抗氧化能力,提高其光合性能,提高大豆幼苗对铝胁迫的适应能力,有效缓解铝对大豆幼苗生长的毒害。     

Effect of fangchinoline on oxidant status in male albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

BackgroundDiabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by defects in insulin production and activity. During disease progression, changes in lipid peroxidation cause structural modifications via production of free radicals. Fangchinoline is a well-known alkaloid present in Stephaniae tetrandrine S. Moore, which has demonstrated antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.ResultsThe present study analyzed the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of fangchinoline in male rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into the following groups: normal control, diabetic, diabetic + fangchinoline 100 mg/kg, diabetic + fangchinoline 200 mg/kg and diabetic + glibenclamide 600 µg/kg. The treatment was administered orally for 45 consecutive days. Lipid peroxidation was substantially increased by >50% in the serum, as well as the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of diabetic rats. However, fangchinoline supplementation significantly reduced lipid peroxidation to near normal levels. Reactive oxygen species levels were substantially increased by >500% in the serum, as well as the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of diabetic rats. Fangchinoline supplementation reduced reactive oxygen species to near normal levels. Fangchinoline supplementation significantly improved superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels in diabetic rats. Total hexoses, sialic acid, hexosamines, and fucose were increased in diabetic rats, whereas fangchinoline supplementation significantly reduced these total hexoses, sialic acid, hexosamines, and fucose to near normal levelsConclusionsSupplementation with fangchinoline led to significant attenuation of the levels of lipid peroxidation, ROS, and glycoprotein components such as total hexoses, hexosamines, sialic acid, and fucose, while improving antioxidant marker levels.How to cite: Xia J, Huang W, Zhou F. Effect of fangchinoline on oxidant status in male albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.07.005     

Effects of osmotic stress on antioxidant enzymes activities in leaf discs of P<Subscript>SAG12</Subscript>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">IPT</Emphasis> modified gerbera

Leaf senescence is often caused by water deficit and the chimeric gene PSA612-1PT is an auto-regulated gene delaying leaf senescence. Using in vitro leaf discs culture system, the changes of contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble protein and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance （TBARS） and antioxidant enzymes activities were investigated during leaf senescence of PSA612-1PT modified gerbera induced by osmotic stress compared with the control plant （wild type）. Leaf discs were incubated in 20%, 40% （w/v） polyethylene glycol （PEG） 6 000 nutrient solution for 20 h under continuous light [ 130 μmol/（m^2·s）]. The results showed that the contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids and soluble protein were decreased by osmotic stress with the decrease being more pronounced at 40% PEG, but that, at the same PEG concentration the decrease in the transgenic plants was significantly lower than that in the control plant. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalases （CAT）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, guaiacol peroxidase （GPX） and dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR） were stimulated by PEG treatment. However, the increases were higher in PSA612-IPT transgenic plants than in the control plants, particularly at 40% PEG treatment. Lipid peroxidation （TBARS content） was increased by PEG treatment with the increase being much lower in transgenic plant than in the control plant. It could be concluded that the increases in the activities ofantioxidant enzymes including SOD, CAT, APX, GPX and DHAR were responsible for the delay of leaf senescence induced by osmotic stress.     

试论加强学校体育教学中的美育

通过对美育的作用,体育美学的内容、特点,以及创造美的基本途径几方面进行了论述,阐述了体育教学中美育的重要性。     

通过多种形式组织专题提升科技期刊质量

[目的]探索医学期刊组织专题的有效途径,为国内医学期刊提供借鉴与参考。[方法]以《放射学实践》杂志为例,介绍其通过与协办单位合作、及时报道重大科研成果、围绕突发公共卫生事件等多种方式进行专题组稿的经验和体会;比较、分析专题论文和非专题论文的质量。[结果]《放射学实践》近3年成功组织了22个专题,极大地扩大了本刊在业内的影响。专题论文的篇均被引频次和篇均下载量均明显高于非专题论文。[结论]医学期刊编辑应该结合自身杂志特点,充分发挥积极性和主动性,勇于探索,敢于创新,不断开拓专题组稿的新方法和新形式,为提高期刊质量不懈努力。     

引风机增容改造探讨

经研究,在取消脱硫增压风机时,若锅炉负荷低于75％THA工况及以下,由于引风机的运行工况落在理论失速线以内,理论上是运行的“禁区”;在100%THA工况时,由于离理论失速线很近,引风机运行没有安全裕量,风机稍有偏离运行工况的情况,引风机就可能发生喘振;在100％THA～100％BMCR工况时,引风机已经运行在TB点或者超过TB点了,就是引风机能力工况已经用尽,引风机风量调节裕度很小,随着烟气量的增大,引风机再次进入失速区,效率反而降低。从节能降耗和安全角度考虑,采用引风机与脱硫增压风机合二为一模式下重新对风机进行选型,采用技术经济性更优的双级动叶可调轴流风机是满足风机合二为一要求的。为了响应国家的节能减排号召,取消脱硫增压风机,使机组在一定负荷下,充分利用改造后引风机增容的裕量,来克服烟气系统以及脱硫系统的全部阻力,以达到节能降耗的目的。     

How can science connect with and contribute to conservation? Recommendations and reflections

This paper reports the conclusions and recommendations of the working group that synthesized the discussions on ‘How can science connect with and be of greater benefit to conservation practice?’ during the ICCROM Forum on Conservation Science. The author reflects on these findings from her own perspective and experiences, and places them in the context of two major shifts in heritage research: the first, a shift in focus from conserving materials to managing meaning. The second, a shift in organizational structures from single, centrally funded heritage institutions towards diffuse networks which include new players who have no direct responsibility towards heritage. Both shifts are taking place in an environment of decreased funding and increased accountability to society. Science and conservation connect and contribute to each other most effectively if they together contribute to the societal benefits of heritage. In this regard, heritage science strategies can stimulate collaboration, and direct science and conservation towards innovative, applicable outcomes. Moreover, they can promote a transdisciplinary approach which connects social, economic and business sciences and stakeholders. They should also ensure the creation of sustainable nodes for consolidating knowledge within these dynamic networks.     

Effect of three cooking methods on nutrient components and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys praecox C.D. Chu et C.S. Chao)

Three cooking methods, namely boiling, steaming, and stir-frying for 5 to 10 min, were used to evaluate the effect on nutrient components, free amino acids, l-ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). Results showed that boiling and stir-frying had a great effect on the nutrient components and they decreased the contents of protein, soluble sugar, and ash, and caused a great loss in the total free amino acids (decreased by 38.35% and 34.86%, respectively). Significant differences (P<0.05) in free amino acids were observed in the samples cooked by different methods. Stir-fried bamboo shoots had a high fat content which increased by 528.57% because of the addition of edible oil. After boiling, the L-ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were significantly reduced, while steaming increased total phenolic content by 3.98% and stir-frying well-preserved L-ascorbic acid (78.87% of its previous content). Results of the antioxidative property study showed that stir-frying could increase antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots. It is concluded that stir-frying is more suitable for bamboo shoots because it could obtain the maximum retention of antioxidant capacities.