Distributing and Showing Farmer Learning Videos in Bangladesh

Purpose: To describe the results of showing farmer learning videos through different types of volunteers.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Semi-structured interviews with volunteers from different occupational groups in Bangladesh, and a phone survey with 227 respondents.

Findings: Each occupational group acted differently. Shop keepers, tillage service providers, agricultural input and machine dealers reached fairly small audiences. Tea stall owners had large, male audiences. Non-governmental organisations and community-based organisations, reached more women. The cable TV (dish-line) operators showed the videos on local TV, but some were reluctant to do so again. The Union Information Service Centres showed the videos and reached women viewers. Half of the official government extension agents surveyed also showed the videos publically.

Practical Implication: This video featured maize, wheat and rice seeding machinery. Because the machinery is complex and requires hands-on training, this first video aimed to expose tillage and sowing service providers and farmers to the machinery, without trying to teach them how to use it. But some farmers were so interested that they watched the video many times to learn more about the equipment. Before farmers and service providers decide to buy machinery for direct seeding, they still want to see and learn from demonstration plantings, to examine first-hand how the crop behaves when planted with the new equipment.

Originality/Value: Video can be an effective way of sharing high-quality information with a large audience, if properly distributed.     

一所民族村小留守儿童法制教育缺失的折射

通过分析安顺市西秀区G小学留守儿童可以看出,留守儿童法制意识缺失主要表现在道德缺失、社会辨别能力低、学法积极性不高、心理障碍多等四个方面。学校应从发挥学校在留守儿童法制教育方面的主体作用,逐步建立和完善法制教育机制;以学法为契机,拓展宣传渠道,强化法制意识;提高留守儿童社会辨识能力;提升教师业务水平,增进法制与心理教育能力;整合社会资源,尽力弥补留守儿童的家庭缺失感等五个方面加强对农村留守儿童进行法制教育。     

不同年龄组农民体育意识和体育行为的比较研究

采用问卷调查法对不同年龄组农民保健意识、休闲方式、体育价值、体育锻炼动机、体育法规的认识、体育参与和制约因素进行了调查和分析,结果认为:农民的体育意识和体育行为均随年龄的增加成下降趋势。     

生存与发展：对贵州新生代农民工的实证研究

当前,贵州新生代农民工在生存方面,以＂非正规＂和＂弹性＂就业为主,行业分布呈＂两升一稳＂的态势,职业的＂内在性流动＂增强,人均工资性收入呈＂偏低＂状态,群体内部贫富分化程度较大,人均月生活消费支出突破千元,实现了从＂温饱＂向初级＂小康＂的转变;在发展方面,面临着复杂而多元化的困境,表现为劳动就业与生存需求的双重压力、理想预期与现实发展的巨大反差、法律公正与暴力自卫的尴尬局面、二元心理与观念畸变的社会失范等。     

三鹿集团“公司＋农户”制度困境的剖析——基于资产专用性视角

本文以三鹿的“公司＋衣户”模式为例,基于资产专用性的视角,从契约双方的势力、利益共享风险分担机制的构建、市场交易环境变化引起农户资产专用性弱化这几个方面较为深入地剖析了三鹿集团的“公司＋农户”制度模式困境,揭示了三鹿模式瓦解的原因,并提出改进和完善“公司＋农户”制度模式的建议。     

开放教育职业型农民大学生培养质量研究

大力推进新型城镇化建设是党的十八届三中全会深化改革的重要举措之一。这将促使产业结构从农业向工业升级,社会向中国特色的社会主义现代化工业社会的转变。在创建开放大学中,开放教育如何克服培养现代职业型农民大学生中的难题、并采取有效措施、提升培养质量、主动为新型城镇化建设服务是开放教育人才培养过程中亟待解决的重大改革课题。     

Challenges to Institutionalizing Participatory Extension: The Case of Farmer Livestock Schools in Vietnam

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this article is to analyze the introduction of participatory extension approaches (PEA) in the predominantly supply-driven, hierarchical Vietnamese extension system. Drawing on the case of the so-called Farmer Livestock School (FLS) concept, the authors investigate the potential and challenges of scaling up and out the FLS/PEA principles of participatory training methods, encompassing intensive and interactive training sessions, group-based sharing of experience, practical learning, and learning-by-doing processes.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on data collected and synthesized from 36 pilot communes from 2000 to 2007 and draws on the extensive insider experience of two of its authors during their work for a DANIDA-funded livestock project.

Findings: At the micro-scale and with external support, FLS has been a successful experiment of using participatory extension approaches in farmer training and extension in the livestock sector. Yet, possibilities of scaling up and institutionalizing FLS remain a challenge given the capacity and resource limitations and the resistance at various levels within the Vietnamese extension system.

Practical Implications: The starting point for successfully institutionalizing participatory extension approaches should be to assess the existing system's root problems and capacities and then gradually and systematically introduce institutional innovations rather than aiming at a complete overhaul of a system that may result in the creation of a parallel universe.

Originality/Value: The FLS project provided a unique opportunity to study the enabling and constraining factors of institutionalizing participatory extension approaches in a traditionally top-down oriented extension system beyond the immediate duration of an externally orchestrated project.     

拓展农民培训资金来源的政策建议

拓展农民培训资金来源是解决农民培训资金短缺问题的必然选择。为解决农民培训资金的来源,应采取以农民、政府和企业为主体的多渠道的筹资方式,同时引导非营利组织和金融组织积极参与农民培训,以实现农民培训资金来源的稳定性和多样化。     

毛泽东改造小农思想与“农民问题”的历史成因

毛泽东在领导中国民主主义革命时期,创造性地发动农民开展了以农民为主体的以土地革命为中心内容的武装革命斗争,逐步提出和形成引导小农与完成革命任务结合起来,经济建设为革命战争服务的思想。建国后又提出动摇个体小农私有制,组织合作社,实现农业集体化,即是战胜资本主义,也是建立社会主义制度和工业化建设需要的思想。保证了在落后国家短期内社会主义公有制的实现,大规模工业化建设资金的供给,但也造成了对农民的严重剥夺,基本形成了城乡分治、农民无国民待遇以及毫无社会保障和权利的体制,成为制约现代化进一步发展的严重的“农民问题”。     

农民基本素质和培训需求的调查与研究

为了解现阶段农民培训需求，探索农民培训规律，项目组用抽样问卷调查的方法，对243户农民基本素质现状、农民培训需求情况、农民教育培训影响因素及存在问题进行调查与分析。