游泳运动员肩关节损伤的防治

分析探讨福建省游泳队运动员肩关节损伤发病率、损伤特点及防治体会，以利于我省游泳运动员肩关节伤病防治。     

Head injury secondary to suspected child maltreatment: results of a prospective Canadian national surveillance program

Objective

We sought to determine the incidence, clinical features, and demographic profile of head injury secondary to suspected child maltreatment (abuse or neglect) in Canada to help inform the development and evaluation of prevention programs for abusive head injuries.

Methods

From March 1, 2005 to February 28, 2008, an average of 2,545 paediatricians and paediatric subspecialists were surveyed monthly through the established network of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. We calculated incidence rates using the number of confirmed cases over the product of the duration of the study (3 years) and population estimates by age group.

Results

There were 220 confirmed cases of head injury from suspected child maltreatment. The annual incidence rate was 14.1 per 100,000 for children less than 1 year of age and 1.4 per 100,000 for those less than 15 years. Seventy three percent (141) of cases involved infants less than 12 months of age and 52% (100) of cases involved infants less than 6 months of age. Seventy-five percent (165) of cases presented to the emergency room. With regard to outcome, 12% (27) of cases resulted in death and 45% (75) of survivors had neurological sequelae at discharge. Thirty percent (67) of all cases, as well as 30% (8) of deaths were previously known to child welfare authorities.

Conclusion

This study provides an estimate of the rate of head injury secondary to suspected child maltreatment in Canada. The young age and poor medical outcomes of those involved highlights the need for prevention efforts that are implemented early in life. Given that a significant percentage of injured infants and children were already known to child welfare authorities, the study also highlights the need to establish and evaluate additional preventive efforts for parents and caregivers already in the child welfare system.     

Distributional effects of educational improvements: Are we using the wrong model?

Measuring the incidence of public spending in education requires an intergenerational framework distinguishing between what current and future generations—that is, parents and children—give and receive. In standard distributional incidence analysis, households are assumed to receive a benefit equal to what is spent on their children enrolled in the public schooling system and, implicitly, to pay a fee proportional to their income. We show that, in an intergenerational framework, this is equivalent to assuming perfectly altruistic individuals, in the sense of the dynastic model, and perfect capital markets. But in practice, credit markets are imperfect and poor households cannot borrow against the future income of their children. We show that under such circumstances, standard distributional incidence analysis may greatly over-estimate the progressivity of public spending in education: educational improvements that are progressive in the long-run steady state may actually be regressive for the current generation of poor adults. This is especially true where service delivery in education is highly inefficient—as it is in poor districts of many developing countries—so that the educational benefits received are relatively low in comparison with the cost of public spending. Our results have implications for both policy measures and analytical approaches.     

一类（0，1）—方阵的积和式的值

研究连通图的关联矩阵中图的生成树所对应的大子阵的积和式,得到了其值;为进一步求连通图的关联矩阵的积和式的值奠定了基础。     

企业债券发展影响因素的实证研究——基于灰色系统理论

企业债券作为资本市场的重要组成部分,受到居民储蓄余额、国债及金融债券、固定资产投资总额等多种灰色因素的影响。本文从灰色系统理论的角度,对影响企业债券的主要因素进行了灰色关联分析,并基于GM（1,1）模型对2009-2014年我国企业债券融资余额进行了预测。为企业债券市场的发展规划提供理论依据。     

身体功能训练对特种兵功能水平及军事训练伤病的影响简

目的：通过实验观察身体功能训练对特种兵功能水平和军事训练伤的影响.方法：选取某部特种兵25名,在传统的体能训练基础上对其进行为期12周的身体功能训练,前后使用FMS进行测试和评估,并对其前后的伤病和患病数据进行收集,采用SPSS19.0统计软件进行分析.结果：实验后特种兵的FMS测试得分总分提高1.16倍,有显著性的改善（P＜0.01）,士兵的伤病率由64％降低到36％,具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结论：针对特种兵设计出的身体功能训练方案比较科学合理,可以加强特种兵在训练中的弱链环节,提高了特种兵的功能水平,并且能够有效预防和减少军事训练伤病的发生.     

Sexual abuse in the national incidence study of child abuse and neglect: An appraisal

The National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect was a major, government sponsored effort to collect data on reported and unreported child abuse. It used a systematic representative sample methodology and very precisely developed definitions of child abuse. This paper reviews some of the main limitations of the study in regard to findings on sexual abuse. First, there is probably less “new” data in the study on sexual abuse than on other forms of abuse, since so many of the study cases of sexual abuse were “officially reported” cases. In addition, the study limited its definition of sexual abuse only to cases where a caretaker was the perpetrator, a definition that is much more restrictive than what is used in many treatment programs. Finally, the data on perpetrators has a number of problems that stem from the study's definitions of sexual abuse. The paper makes suggestions for future incidence type studies of sexual abuse.     

薄皮甜瓜对南方根结线虫的综合抗性评价

目的:研究南方根结线虫对薄皮甜瓜幼苗生长、发病指数的影响,对6种不同品种薄皮甜瓜的综合抗性作出评价。方法:采用6个不同品种的薄皮甜瓜为实验材料,采取盆栽人工接种方式,通过对甜瓜幼苗的植株鲜重、根瘤数、根结指数、卵粒指数、病情指数、根系电导率、根系MDA含量进行测定,并利用隶属函数对此进行综合分析。结果:接种南方根结线虫45 d后,不同品种的甜瓜幼苗长势、发病指数等差异较大。结论:地方栽培的常规品种中,‘九道沟’与‘羊角酥’甜瓜对南方根结线虫的抗性较强,‘绿宝石’、‘苹果酥’以及‘海南3号’甜瓜对南方根结线虫抗性居中,‘甜宝’甜瓜对南方根结线虫的抗性最差。     

关于对图最小覆盖算法的一点补充

通过对图的最小覆盖的理解，结合分析图的关联矩阵的特点，对文献[1]中求一图的最小覆盖集的算法作了一定的补充，使其更具有一般性和通用性。     

How much of a problem is resident mistreatment in child welfare institutions?

The purpose of this article is to provide information developed since 1980 by the Institutional Child Protection Project about the size and significance of the problem of mistreatment in child welfare residential institutions. In the 1.700 facilities surveyed, there are about 69.000 children and youths. Rates of utilization vary among Health and Human Services (H.H.S.) regions from 8 per 10.000 to 19 per 10.000 children and youths in the population. The average rate is 12 per 10.000. In 1961 this rate was estimated at 10 per 10,000. About 2,700 complaints were reported by facilities to the survey for 1979. Complaint rates range by H.H.S. region from 25 per 1.000 to 55 per 1.000 children and youth in care. The average complaint rate per 1.000 residents in care was 39. Observations of site visitors suggest that only one out of five complainable situations may be reported to child protection agencies. A list of complainable occurrences that came to the attention of site visitors is included to document the problem. An additional effort to assess the significance of this issue is made by comparing intrafamilial complaint rates with rates reported by child welfare facilities. The authors believe residential complaint rates may be twice as large as intrafamilial complaint rates.