有氧耐力训练和控制饮食对肥胖青少年下丘脑-胰岛-脂肪轴的影响

目的:探讨运动结合控制饮食的减肥方案对肥胖青少年降体脂的作用效果,及其对下丘脑-胰岛-脂肪轴的影响,为揭示运动结合控制饮食减肥的机制提供实验依据.方法:对8名参加减肥训练营的肥胖青少年(女5名、男3名,年龄17岁±2.53岁)进行为期四周有氧运动和膳食控制相结合的减肥训练.在减肥训练前、中(减肥训练两周后)和后期(减肥训练四周后)三次测试受试者血液神经肽Y(NPY)、瘦素、胰岛素等指标.结果显示:在减肥的中期体重、体重指数显著降低,LDL和Tc均显著降低(P<0.01),TG显著降低(P<0.05);HDL显著升高(P<0.05).NPY、胰岛素显著降低(P<0.05);减肥后期与减肥中期对比LDL、瘦素显著降低(P<0.01),胰岛素、NPY显著降低(P<0.05).在减肥后期与减肥前对比,体重、体重指数均显著降低(P<0.01),TG、LDL、TC均显著降低(P(0.01)、瘦素、胰岛素均极显著降低(P<0.01),NPY显著降低(P<0.05),HDL显著升高(P<0.05);血糖三次对比无显著差异.胰岛索与瘦素、NPY均显著正相关(P<0.05),体重与瘦素显著正相关(P(0.05).结论:有氧耐力训练与膳食控制相结合的减肥训练计划,提高了下丘脑-胰岛-脂肪轴的调节机能,进而降低体脂,改善血脂达到了很好的减肥效果,其中前期的训练效果要好于后期的训练效果.     

不同负荷的运动训练对大鼠心血管系统调节肽分泌的影响

为了研究不同负荷的运动训练对机体心血管系统神经调节肽分泌的影响 ,本文通过对大鼠进行为期 8周的不同负荷的游泳训练 ,并测定血浆神经肽Y(NPY)和降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的含量。结果发现 :① 1h的运动训练可使血浆NPY含量显著下降 ,NPY/CGRP有下降趋势。降低机体交感神经的兴奋性 ,抑制NPY的分泌。② 2h训练组血浆NPY含量显著高于对照组和 1h训练组 ,血浆CGRP含量显著低于对照组 ,NPY/CGRP显著高于对照组和 1h训练组。动态观察血浆NPY和CGRP的含量对于在运动过程中对心血管系统进行医务监督、预防过度训练的发生具有一定的指导意义     

Quantitative analysis of a panel of gene expression in prostate cancer——with emphasis on NPY expression analysis

Objective: To investigate molecular alterations associating with prostate carcinoma progression and potentially provide information toward more accurate prognosis/diagnosis. Methods: A set of laser captured microdissected (LCM) specimens from 300 prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) were defined. Ten patients representing "aggressive" PCa, and 10 representing "non-aggressive" PCa were selected based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence,Gleason score, pathological stage and tumor cell differentiation, with matched patient age and race between the two groups.Normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells were collected with LCM from frozen tissue slides obtained from the RP specimens.The expressions of a panel of genes, including NPY, PTEN, AR,AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1, were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan), and correlation was analyzed with clinicopathological features. Results: The expressions of AMACR and DD3 were consistently up-regulated in cancer cells compared to benign prostate epithelial cells in all PCa patients, whereas GSTP1 expression was down regulated in each patient. NPY, PTEN and AR exhibited a striking difference in their expression patterns between aggressive and non-aggressive PCas (P=0.0203, 0.0284, and 0.0378, respectively, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The lower expression of NPY showed association with "aggressive" PCas based on a larger PCa patient cohort analysis (P=0.0037,univariate generalized linear model (GLM) analysis). Conclusion: Despite widely noted heterogeneous nature of PCa, gene expression alterations of AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1 in LCM-derived PCa epithelial cells suggest for common underlying mechanisms in the initiation of PCa. Lower NPY expression level is significantly associated with more aggressive clinical behavior of PCa; PTEN and AR may have potential in defining PCa with aggressive clinical behavior. Studies along these lines have potential to define PCa-associated gene expression alterations and likely co-regulation of genes/pathways critical in the biology of PCa onset/progression.     

运动对肥胖大鼠血浆和下丘脑NPY蛋白及其基因表达的影响

目的:一次性运动对肥胖大鼠摄食量、血清学指标、血浆和下丘脑NPY蛋白及其基因表达的影响,探讨运动影响摄食量和体重的分子生物学机制.方法:肥胖建模成功大鼠分为对照组、即刻组、1 h组、3 h组、12 h组和24 h组,分别在一次性跑台运动后不同时间段观察大鼠进食量并测试相关指标.结果:一次性运动后肥胖大鼠摄食量明显下降,血糖和血脂等在运动后即刻没有明显变化,在运动后的恢复期开始明显下降,恢复后期才逐渐恢复到正常水平.血浆NFY水平显著下降,下丘脑NPY水平明显上升,而下丘脑NPY基因表达变化不明显.结论:肥胖大鼠运动后摄食量下降;下丘脑NFY分泌增加而合成没有明显增加;下丘脑NPY蛋白增加可以促进机体运动后摄食,防止能量的进一步消耗,有利于运动后的能量恢复.     

Quantitative analysis of a panel of gene expression in prostate cancer——with emphasis on NPY expression analysis

Objective： To investigate molecular alterations associating with prostate carcinoma progression and potentially provide information toward more accurate prognosis/diagnosis. Methods： A set of laser captured microdissected （LCM） specimens from 300 prostate cancer （PCa） patients undergoing radical prostatectomy （RP） were defined. Ten patients representing ＂aggressive＂ PCa, and 10 representing ＂non-aggressive＂ PCa were selected based on prostate-specific antigen （PSA） recurrence, Gleason score, pathological stage and tumor cell differentiation, with matched patient age and race between the two groups. Normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells were collected with LCM from frozen tissue slides obtained from the RP specimens. The expressions of a panel of genes, including NPY, PTEN, AR, AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1, were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR （TaqMan）, and correlation was analyzed with clinicopathological features. Results： The expressions of AMACR and DD3 were consistently up-regulated in cancer cells compared to benign prostate epithelial cells in all PCa patients, whereas GSTP1 expression was down regulated in each patient. NPY, PTEN and AR exhibited a striking difference in their expression patterns between aggressive and non-aggressive PCas （P=0.0203, 0.0284, and 0.0378, respectively, Wilcoxon rank sum test）. The lower expression of NPY showed association with ＂aggressive＂ PCas based on a larger PCa patient cohort analysis （P=0.0037, univariate generalized linear model （GLM） analysis）. Conclusion： Despite widely noted heterogeneous nature of PCa, gene expression alterations ofAM,4CR, DD3, and GSTP1 in LCM-derived PCa epithelial cells suggest for common underlying mechanisms in the initiation of PCa. Lower NPY expression level is significantly associated with more aggressive clinical behavior of PCa; PTEN and AR may have potential in defining PCa with aggressive clinical behavior. Studies along these lines have potential to define PCa-associated gene expression alterations and likely co-regulation of genes/pathways critical in the biology of PCa onset/progression.     

下丘脑介导能量代谢与骨骼反调节及其运动干预机制研究进展

下丘脑位于大脑底部,靠近内侧隆起,可传感神经元及整合神经胶质细胞,并将信号传导转化为生理功能,激活内分泌和神经系统,继而调节能量代谢和骨骼稳态。在下丘脑的AgRP/NPY神经元和POMC/CART神经元饮食调节体系中,下丘脑可刺激骨骼发生发展,最终将机体调至新的生理功能状态。此外,骨骼内分泌源激素骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)和脂质蛋白2(lipocalin-2,LCN2)能够反调节于下丘脑,改善下丘脑介导能量代谢水平。基于此,研究将从下丘脑-骨骼信号传导和骨骼-下丘脑信号传导两方面进行论述,并以能量代谢为穿梭靶点,以运动干预为手段,论述下丘脑调节能量代谢和骨骼反调节相关功能,阐述运动调节能量代谢和骨代谢之间的影响。     

神经肽Y与肥胖的关系及其在运动减肥中的应用

神经肽Y与促食欲肽与肥胖的关系,已越来越受到关注,这也促进了运动对神经肽Y影响机制的研究.对近几年的相关研究成果进行综述,重点论述神经肽Y和肥胖的关系,运动对神经肽Y的影响以及神经肽Y在运动减肥中的应用,最后指出了今后可能的研究发展方向.     

Vitamin E 对大运动量训练后大鼠心血管系统调节肽分泌的影响

为了研究Vitamin E对大运动量训练后机体心血管系统神经调节肽分泌的影响，本文通过对大鼠进行为期8周的不同负荷的游泳训练，并给大运动量训练后的大鼠补充Vitamin E，测定血浆神经肽Y(NPY)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的含量。结果发现：①经过8周的游泳训练后，2h训练组血浆NPY含量显著高于对照组和1h训练组，血浆CGRP含量显著低于对照组，NPY/CGRP显著高于对照组和1h训练组。而1h训练组NPY含量显著低于对照组，血浆CGRP含量和NPY/CGRP与对照组相比，有下降趋势，但无显著性差异。从而说明，适当的运动训练可降低机体交感神经的兴奋性，抑制NPY的分泌。这对轻度高血压病人和正常人的血压有良好的影响；而长期大负荷的运动训练可促进机体NPY的分泌和抑制CGRP的分泌，导致NPY和CGRP的分泌失调，这可能是运动性高血压和运动性心肌损伤发生的病理生理机制。动态观察血浆NPY和CGRP的含量对于在运动过程中对心血管系统进行医务监督、预防过度训练的发生具有一定的指导意义。②Vitamin E训练组血浆NPY含量显著低于2h训练组，与对照组相比无显著差异；血浆CGRP含量显著高于2h训练组和1h训练组，与对照组相比有上升趋势，但无显著差异；NPY/CGRP显著低于2h训练组，与1h训练组和对照组相比无显著差异。所以Vitamin E可仰制大运动量训练后大鼠NPY的分泌，促进CGRP的分泌，维持机体NPY和CGRP分泌的平衡。     

Type-dependent differential expression of neuropeptide Y in chicken hypothalamus （Gallus domesticus）

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY between layer-type and meat-type of chickens, which are two divergent kinds of the domestic chickens in feeding behavior and body weight, we detected mRNA levels of NPY in hypothalamic infundibular nucleus (IN), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of these two types of chickens using one-step real time RT-PCR. The meat-type chicken had more food daily (about 1.7 folds) and greater body weights (about 1.5 folds) and brain weights than the layer-type chicken at the age of 14 d. In the meat-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels of the IN and PVN were significantly greater than those of the LHA, and were not significantly different between the IN and PVN. However, in the layer-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels were significantly greater in the IN than those in the LHA and PVN, and were not significantly different between the PVN and LHA. In all these hypothalamic regions, the layer-type of chicken had significantly higher NPY mRNA levels than the meat-type chicken did. These results suggest the expression of NPY in the hypothalamus has a type-dependent pattern in domestic chickens.     

运动对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠NPY的影响探讨

糖尿病的发病原因在于胰岛素抵抗和糖代谢紊乱,下丘脑中的NPY是一种很强的食欲刺激剂,可减少棕色脂肪的交感神经冲动,刺激采食,增加血浆胰岛素水平,影响糖代谢,促进能量储存;而血浆和胰腺中的NPY被认为抑制胰岛的胰岛素分泌,其在糖尿病的发生发展过程中可能起到很重要的调节作用。而在众多防治糖尿病的方法中,运动干预与糖尿病的代谢应答已日益成为医学科学领域的研究热点。笔者就运动对II型糖尿病大鼠下丘脑、血浆及胰腺中NPY的影响做一综述。