一氧化氮与运动疲劳关系的研究进展

一氧化氮(NO)是一种自由基,也是一种重要的细胞内信使分子,其参与许多生理过程,具有广泛的生物学效应。本文主要从NO对肌肉的外周机制和大脑的中枢机制两方面对运动性疲劳进行阐述,探讨了NO与运动性中枢疲劳的关系,并展望了其在消除运动性疲劳的意义。     

不同负荷训练对男子皮艇运动员血清—氧化氮合酶的影响

探讨不同负荷训练对男子皮艇运动员一氧化氮合酶NOS、一氧化氮NO的影响 ,并结合其他血清指标CK、CK -MB、LDH、BUN的变化 ,探索血清NOS、NO在实际训练中的作用。     

高Tc氧化物超导体与稀土永磁材料的一点类比

本文定义了稀土元素与其它元素之间的加权平均电负性差P和加权平均原子赝势半径差Q.发现具有较好磁性能的稀土永磁材料的P,Q值点基本上分布在一个特定的狭带区范围内,而高Tc氧化物超导体的P,Q值点基本上也分布在另一个特定的区域范围内,而且这两个区域的走向基本平行.上述结果将有助于人们探索新的高Tc氧化物超导体.     

TbFeO_3纳米晶的制备及其光催化活性

以Tb4O7、Fe(NO3)3.9H2O、硝酸(1:1)为原料,在柠檬酸体系中用溶胶凝胶法合成了具有钙钛矿结构的稀土复合氧化物TbFeO3;用XRD、TEM对产物的组成、颗粒、大小、形貌进行了表征;结果表明,产物为纳米颗粒,平均粒径为21 nm左右,且颗粒均匀。另外以TbFeO3为光催化剂,对多种水溶性染料进行了光催化降解,发现TbFeO3有较好的光催化效果。实验表明,在无光照条件下,TbFeO3的脱色效果初期较明显,但效果达到一定程度后不再明显,并且随时间的推移,甚至有所下降。在光照条件下,TbFeO3的脱色效果初期短时间内就特别明显,最后接近100%.     

Biochemistry of Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) a free radical having both cytoprotective as well as tumor promoting agent is formed from l-arginine by converting it to l-citrulline via nitric oxide synthase enzymes. The reaction product of nitric oxide with superoxide generates potent oxidizing agent, peroxynitrite which is the main mediator of tissue and cellular injury. Peroxynitrite is reactive towards many biomolecules which includes amino acids, nucleic acid bases; metal containing compounds, etc. NO metabolites may play a key role in mediating many of the genotoxic/carcinogenic effects as DNA damage, protein or lipid modification, etc. The basic reactions of nitric oxide can be divided as direct effect of the radical where it alone plays a role in either damaging or protecting the cell milieu and an indirect effect in which the byproducts of nitric oxide formed by convergence of two independent radical generating pathways play the role in biological reactions which mainly involve oxidative and nitrosative stress. Nitric oxide is also capable of directly interacting with mitochondria through inhibition of respiration or by permeability transition. Reaction of nitric oxide with metal ions include its direct interaction with the metals or with oxo complexes thereby reducing them to lower valent state. Excessive production of nitric oxide can be studied by inhibiting the synthetic pathway of nitric oxide using both selective or specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with respect to isoforms of nitric oxide.     

Role of Nitric Oxide in Salmonella Infection

Nitric oxide (NO) derivative of l-arginine is an important signaling molecule that mediates a variety of essential physiological processes including vasodilation neurotransmission, and host cell defense. Many types of cells produce NO e.g., smooth muscle cell, endothelial cell, and leukocytes. Host defense functions are known for many bacterial and parasitic infections. In the present study we estimated the levels of serum NO in cases of salmonellosis and in controls. The nitric oxide was estimated by cadmium reduction method, Griess reaction. We observed that in controls the level of NO was (22 ± 2.06) μmol/l and in cases the level was (137.49 ± 29.84) μmol/l. The level of NO was significantly higher than controls (p < 0.001). The raised level of NO could be accounted for by host response to the infection. The host rapidly expresses iNOS, which in turn produces an excess amount of NO. Its cytotoxic effect is by its reactive nitrogen oxide derivative e.g., peroxynitrite. Apart from this it also has anti apoptotic functions. In future one can do follow up study of typhoid cases by bacterial culture.     

Imbalanced free radicals and antioxidant defense systems in schizophrenia： A comparative study

Objective： To examine changes of blood oxidative-antiovidative level in schizophrenic patients and its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods： Forty-six Chinese patients met DSM-IV （Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-iV） criteria for schizophrenia and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Baseline psychiatric symptom severity was assessed with brief psychiatric rating scale, positive and negative syndrome scale on the blood draw day. Fresh blood samples were collected to measure levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxide in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells by spectrophotometric assays simultaneously. Results Comparison of the biochemical parameters indicated that the level of nitric oxide and lipid peroxide increased in patient group, which represented a positive correlation with positive scale scores; while the activities of three critical enzymes decreased and showed a negative linear correlation. Conclusion： This study showed that there are dysregulation of free radical metabolism and poor activities of the antioxidant defense systems in schizophrenic patients. Excess free radicals formation may play a critical role in the etiology of schizophrenia. Using antioxidants might be an effective therapeutic approach to partially alleviate or prevent the symptoms of schizophrenia.     

锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池近年来引起了越来越多研究者的浓厚兴趣,科学家对此进行了大量的研究.本文主要综述锂离子电池正极材料的研究现状,阐述与评价有关用金属氧化物和有机多硫聚合物作为锂离子电池正极材料的合成和电化学性能,并对其应用前景进行分析.     

一种智能化NO输送系统的研制

为了满足临床吸入一氧化氮（NO）治疗安全与可靠的要求,研制一种和呼吸机同步的一氧化氮吸入装置是至关重要的．该装置使用气体流量计（GFM）检测呼吸机的吸气流量,通过气体稀释公式计算出在治疗条件下NO标气的流量,并由质量流量控制器（MFC）来控制NO标气送往呼吸回路,同时采用NO／NO2电化学传感器对进入人体前的治疗气中NO浓度和二氧化氮（NO2）浓度进行监测．试验结果表明：该一氧化氮吸入装置供N0标气相对于呼吸机供气滞后不到200ms,NO气体的用量相对于持续供气时节约了E／（I＋E）（吸呼比：I：E）、NO2的生成量〈2mg／L,从而不仅实现了监测与配气的智能化,而且也提高了NO治疗气精度、确保了治疗的可靠性与安全性．     

实验室制氧催化剂的绿色化探究

通过实验比较了新鲜菠菜、上海青菜叶、苦荬菜、桑叶四种绿叶类生物催化剂催化H2O2分解的反应速率,并考查了催化剂的催化性能、用量、H2O2的浓度、操作情况对反应的影响。得出了催化H2O2分解的最佳生物催化剂以及反应条件,结果表明：在同等条件下,桑叶的催化效果最好,催化剂的用量以3．0g为宜,H2O2的浓度10％即可。