Effects of hypoxic exercise training on microRNA expression and lipid metabolism in obese rat livers

To investigate the effects of hypoxic exercise training on microRNA (miRNA) expression and the role of miRNA expression in regulating lipid metabolism, 20 dietary-induced obese SD rats were divided into a normoxic sedentary group (N, n=10) and a hypoxic exercise training group (H, n=10). After four weeks, measurements were taken of body weight, body length, fat mass, serum lipid concentration, miRNAs differentially expressed in rat liver, and gene and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) in rat liver. Body weight, Lee’s index, fat mass, fat/weight ratio, and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were all significantly lower in the H group than in the N group (P<0.01). Six miRNAs expressed significantly differently in the liver (P<0.05). Specifically, expression levels of miR-378b were significantly lower in the H group than in the N group (P<0.05). Compared with the normoxic sedentary group, hypoxic exercise training resulted in a lower ratio of FAS mRNA to CPT1A mRNA (P<0.05), as well as lower CPT1A protein levels (P<0.01), while a higher ratio of FAS to CPT1A protein levels (P<0.01) was observed. In conclusion, hypoxic training may elevate the resistance of high fat diet induced obesity in rats by reducing the expression of miR-378b, and decrease the fatty acid mitochondrial oxidation in obese rat livers by decreasing the protein expression of CPT1A and increasing the protein expression ratio of FAS/CPT1A.     

体育锻炼对肥胖儿童足底压力的影响

以南京市城区某所小学8—12岁小学生为研究对象,进行三个月的体育锻炼,实验前后对受试者身体成分、各项运动指标、足底压力等各个指标进行监测,收集数据,使用spssl3．0对实验数据进行统计分析。结果表明：（1）儿童足弓具有一定的可塑性;（2）肥胖儿童在行走和跑步过程中足有外翻的倾向,跑步时大于行走;（3）经过三个月的健身锻炼,肥胖儿童运动时的平衡能力增加,减少了发生运动损伤的可能性。     

山东省肥胖大学生身体素质的调查及分析

用数理统计法对山东省5所大学一年级144名肥胖大学生的5项身体素质成绩与全省同年龄组平均水平进行比较分析并进行差异显著性检验。发现,肥胖大学生与全省普通大学生在身体素质方面有明显差距,建议对其采取适当减轻体重措施以促进身心健康的发展。     

6周有氧运动对肥胖大学生身体形态、身体素质和血脂的影响

对肥胖大学生进行为期6周有氧运动干预,观察其身体形态、身体素质和血脂的影响,探究运动减肥对肥胖大学生身体健康的促进作用。选取38名BMI≥28的在校大学生,年龄在18-20周岁。开课前、结课后进行身高、体重、胸围、体脂率、基础代谢率、空腹血糖、空腹血脂等各项指标检查。减脂课程持续6周,每周一、三、五进行11.5小时有氧运动,并进行适当的饮食控制,比较各项指标。6周有氧运动加合理饮食对肥胖大学生身体形态指标、身体素质指标以及生理生化指标均有明显改善。     

麦西来甫-木卡姆练习对维吾尔族肥胖妇女脂肪细胞因子、胰岛素和免疫球蛋白含量的影响

研究目的:探讨麦西来甫-木卡姆练习对维吾尔族肥胖妇女瘦素、脂联素、胰岛素含量、血脂成份、体成份及免疫球蛋白含量的影响.方法:39名维吾尔族肥胖妇女(48.67±2.38岁)随机分成运动组(n=20)及对照组(n=19),运动组进行24周麦西来甫-木卡姆练习(每周4次,每次60～80 min),对比实验前后各项指标的变化.结果:24周规律性的麦西来甫-木卡姆练习后运动组血清瘦素、胰岛素、TG、TC和LDL-c,以及体脂百分比(BF％)、腰臀比(WHR)、体指数(BMI)都有显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),HDL-c、脂联素及IgG,IgM,IgA都有显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:24周麦西来甫-木卡姆练习可以有效改善肥胖患者血脂成份、体成份和脂肪细胞的分泌机能,并使“瘦素抵抗”、“胰岛素抵抗”及“脂联素脱敏”状态得到纠正,提高肥胖患者免疫能力,具有较高的健身功效.     

肥胖和科学减肥探究

阐述和分析了肥胖的概念、判定标准、危害、影响因素,科学减肥的理论依据、训练学和营养学方法、注意事项,旨在为因肥胖而困惑的人提供些许借鉴和参考。     

浅析饮食与运动控制肥胖

本文阐述了肥胖给现代人带来的危害,引起肥胖的原因。文章认为,掌握科学有效的运动方法,加之良好膳食习惯,最终达到减掉多余脂肪的目的。     

对普通高校肥胖体型大学生开设身体素质锻炼课程的研究与实践

多年来肥胖体型大学生身体素质较差这一问题一直影响着体育教学的整体水平。河南医科大学对体育课教学进行改革,从实际出发,对身体肥胖及体育达标不及格的大学生开设了以身体素质锻炼为主教材的体育锻炼课,经过2年的教学实践取得了良好的教学效果。这对于提高全体学生的身体素质和健康水平,确立新的素质教育观念具有重要的意义。     

Respiratory responses and rating of perceived exertion of severely obese adolescents during continuous and intermittent graded walking protocols: Application to cardiorespiratory field tests

ABSTRACT

During 20 m shuttle tests, obese adolescents may have difficulty achieving maximum cardiorespiratory performance due to the presence of braking-relaunch phases (BRP). Nineteen obese adolescents aged 15.2 ± 1.5 years (body mass index [BMI] = 39.7 ± 5.9 kg.m^?2) performed three graded walking exercises on a 50 m track at speeds between 3 and 6 km/h: a continuous-straight-line protocol (C), a continuous protocol that required turning back every 30 sec (C-BRP) and an intermittent protocol that consisted of successively walking then resting for 15 sec (15–15). Oxygen uptake (VO₂), aerobic cost of walking (Cw), ventilation (VE) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at each stage during the protocols. During C-BRP, the responses were not significantly higher compared with C (p > 0.30). During 15–15, the VO₂, Cw and VE were ~ 15 to 25% lower than during C beginning at 4 km/h (p < 0.05). In obese adolescents, the respiratory impact of sudden directional changes during the 20 m shuttle-type test appeared to be minor at walking speeds. During the 15–15 test, the intensity increases more progressively, and this design may encourage obese adolescents to walk further than during a continuous test.