游泳运动员专项始训年龄段运动素质的生理特点分析

本文通过文献资料法、常规数理统计法及调查访问法 ,对我国部分优秀游泳运动员各训练阶段的年龄参数进行调查研究 ,并从运动生理学角度对专项始训年龄段的运动员运动素质的生理特点进行分析 ,发现 12 - 14岁是年龄组运动员开始专项训练的适宜年龄段 ,运动员的运动素质在此年龄段已有一定的发展 ,有的还处在发展敏感期 ,能达到专项训练的要求。     

普通高校游泳课教学现状调查与改革研究

本文对普通高校游泳课教学的现状进行了调查与分析,指出了开设游泳课过程中在教学原则、教学方法、组织管理、课外锻炼与教学效果方面存在的具体问题,并依据教育、教学理论进行了游泳课改革的分析研究。     

对我国体育人口游泳参与状况的探析

运用“1997年中国城乡居民参与体育活动情况调查问卷”的结果报告及研究成果有关数据，分析我国不同年龄体育人口游泳参与率的变化趋势，结果表明：游泳成为我国青年、壮年阶段体育人口所喜爱的健身项目；我国体育人口游泳参与率随年龄增长呈下降趋势；我国男子体育人口游泳渗与率在不同年龄阶段均高于女性。     

多媒体优化组合教学在游泳普修课中的研究与开发

多媒体组合教学(CAI)是将现代科学技术手段运用于课堂教学的-种方法,在其他学科的应用已经取得了丰 硕的成果,而在体育学科中的应用尚处于起步阶段,本文试图通过研究《多媒体优化组合教学在游泳普修课中的研究与 开发》,来探索游泳普修课多媒体CAI的教学规律和方法.并通过在教学中初步应用,探索在游泳普修课教学中运用多 媒体优化组合教学法的教学模式.     

浅谈基层部队如何培训游泳骨干

通过对基层部队开展游泳训练的调查发现，目前部队缺少懂技术、会组织训练的专门人才。有的部队自己进行骨干培训，由于缺少经验，投入了大量的人力和物力，但效果并不明显。作就如何实施游泳骨干培训进行探讨，为基层部队进行游泳骨干培训提供参考。     

对福建省竞技游泳重点项目设置的探讨

本文调查、统计、分析了福建省优秀运动员近二十年来取得优异成绩的项目的规律以及对运动员的自身特点进行分析 ,提出了在距离项目上以 4种泳式 (包括混合泳 )从泳式上的以蛙泳项目为主的攻关项目 ,为今后训练格局的主体布置和有计划、针对性训练提供依据 ,对福建省少年儿童的选材和业余训练有一定的指导意义。     

大负荷游泳运动后大鼠额叶神经元凋亡和线粒体形态变化及Drp1、Mfn2表达的研究

目的：：通过观察一次性大负荷游泳运动后线粒体形态结构以及线粒体融合分裂基因及蛋白表达的动态变化,探讨一次性大负荷游泳运动引起大鼠额叶神经元凋亡发生发展的可能机制。方法：72只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(C组,n=18),一次性大负荷游泳运动组(E组,n=54),再根据运动后取材时间的不同将 E组分为：即刻组(E0组,n=18)；24h组(E24组,n=18)；48h组(E48组,n=18)。 C组常规饲养,E组进行一次性大负荷游泳运动,无负重游泳4小时。用透射电镜观察额叶神经元及神经元线粒体的形态结构；用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡指数( AI)；检测线粒体融合分裂基因Drp1、Mfn2 mRNA转录及蛋白表达水平。结果：检测发现E组大鼠大脑额叶神经元发生了细胞凋亡,E组各组大鼠AI显著性高于C组(P<0.01),E组各时间点AI比较为：E24>E0> E48,各组间差异均具有显著性( P<0.05)。一次性大负荷运动后各时间点Drp1和Mfn2 mRNA转录和蛋白表达均高于C组( P<0.05),其中E24组大鼠大脑额叶Drp1和Mfn2 mRNA转录和蛋白的表达最强(P<0.01)；与E24组比较,E48组大鼠大脑额叶Drp1 mRNA转录和蛋白的表达下调显著(P<0.05),而Mfn2 mRNA转录和蛋白的表达下调不明显(P>0.05)。结论：一次性大负荷游泳运动引起大鼠额叶神经元凋亡及神经元线粒体形态结构异常,该异常在运动后48h内呈现动态性变化,机体可能通过调节线粒体融合分裂基因Drp1、Mfn2表达,影响大鼠额叶线粒体的形态结构和功能,从而调控额叶神经元凋亡的发生和发展。     

An intervention in the Halliwick Method procedures (swimming) for a group of individuals with Downs syndrome

The purpose of this study was to intervene in the process of the Halliwick Method (swimming), in order to improve the method, or some of its aspects, for a sample of 14 individuals with Downs syndrome (aged six to 21 years), using both an individualized educational setting approach and a differentiation of the elements of the Halliwick Method. The pre-intervention phase included medical examination, IQ, measurement of the behaviour according to the Rutter Scale and a Test of Physical Performance for each subject. Next, the subjects were assigned to seven pairs of case studies, where each individual following a Halliwick Methods swimming programme was paired with an individual following a modified swimming programme based on the same method, on physical health variables, IQ, behaviour and motor abilities. The duration of each swimming programme was 24 weeks for each individual, at a frequency of once per week, for 40 minutes. In the light of the findings of this study, further recommendations for the improvement of Halliwick Method procedures were made, common factors that affected the performance of each individual were identified and their relation with performance was explored.     

Assessment of three-dimensional joint kinematics of the upper limb during simulated swimming using wearable inertial-magnetic measurement units

The analysis of the joint kinematics during swimming plays a fundamental role both in sports conditioning and in clinical contexts. Contrary to the traditional video analysis, wearable inertial-magnetic measurements units (IMMUs) allow to analyse both the underwater and aerial phases of the swimming stroke over the whole length of the swimming pool. Furthermore, the rapid calibration and short data processing required by IMMUs provide coaches and athletes with an immediate feedback on swimming kinematics during training. This study aimed to develop a protocol to assess the three-dimensional kinematics of the upper limbs during swimming using IMMUs. Kinematics were evaluated during simulated dry-land swimming trials performed in the laboratory by eight swimmers. A stereo-photogrammetric system was used as the gold standard. The results showed high coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) values, with median (first–third quartile) of 0.97 (0.93–0.95) and 0.99 (0.97–0.99) for simulated front-crawl and breaststroke, respectively. Furthermore, the joint angles were estimated with an accuracy increasing from distal to proximal joints, with wrist indices showing median CMC values always higher than 0.90. The present findings represent an important step towards the practical use of technology based on IMMUs for the kinematic analysis of swimming in applied contexts.     

2015喀山游泳世锦赛混合双人跳水比赛制胜因素分析

以2015喀山游泳世锦赛混合双人跳水的比赛视频和成绩为研究对象,综合运用数理统计、录像观察、文献资料等研究方法。研究认为,混合双人跳水比赛除较量运动员的动作完成质量之外,动作的同步性对比赛结果有着极为重要影响,此外动作组别、动作姿势、转体周数及翻腾周数的选择也是影响比赛制胜的因素。