LoLo、HiLo、LoHi和HiHiLo训练过程中血象指标变化规律的比较研究

采用实验法，将24名优秀女子赛艇运动员分为4组（每组6人），分别进行4周低住低练（LoLo）、高住低练（HiLo）、低住高练（LoHi）和高住高练低练（HiHiLo），旨在探讨不同模式低氧训练过程中运动员血象指标RBC、Hb、Hct和WBC动态变化的规律和特点。结论认为：不同模式低氧训练中RBC、Hb和Hct的变化幅度、特点与规律存在一定差异，与高原训练比较也有所不同；HiLo、LoHi和HiHiLo3种低氧训练模式均能明显提高运动员的RBC、Hb和Hct，但不同模式提高程度不同，RBC表现为HiLo〉HiHiLo〉LoHi〉LoLo，HB和Hct表现为HiHiLo〉HiLo〉LoHi〉LoLo，RBC与Hb和Hct的增加不完全同步；4周3种模式低氧训练效果至少可以保持2周，而HiHiLo组训练后保持Hb的能力要优于HiLo和LoHi组；不同低氧训练模式虽对WBC造成一定规律性的改变，但各组间无明显差异的结果表明，不同低氧训练模式对机体免疫机能虽有影响，但不明显。     

Effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest on haematological,physiological, and performance parameters in multi-sport athletes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether 3 weeks of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest was able to elicit changes that would benefit multi-sport athletes. Twenty-two multi-sport athletes of mixed ability were exposed to either a normobaric hypoxic gas (intermittent hypoxic training group) or a placebo gas containing normal room air (placebo group). The participants breathed the gas mixtures in 5-min intervals interspersed with 5-min recovery periods of normal room air for a total of 90 min per day, 5 days per week, over a 3-week period. The oxygen in the hypoxic gas decreased from 13% in week 1 to 10% by week 3. The training and placebo groups underwent a total of four performance tests, including a familiarization and baseline trial before the intervention, followed by trials at 2 and 17 days after the intervention. Time to complete the 3-km run decreased by 1.7%[95% confidence interval (CI) = ?0.6 – 3.9%] 2 days after, and by 2.3% (CI = 0.25 ? 4.4%) 17 days after, the last hypoxic episode in the training relative to the placebo group. Substantial changes in the training relative to the placebo group also included increased reticulocyte count 2 days (23.5%; CI =?1.9 to 44.9%) and 12 days (14.6%; CI = ?7.1 to 36.4%) post-exposure. The effect of intermittent hypoxic training on 3-km performance found in this study is likely to be beneficial, which suggests non-elite multi-sport athletes should expect such training to enhance performance.     

Indirect reference intervals for haematological parameters in capillary blood of pre-school children

IntroductionIndirect estimation of reference intervals (RIs) is straightforward and inexpensive procedure for determination of intra-laboratory RIs. We applied the indirect approach to assess RIs for haematological parameters in capillary blood of pre-school children, using results stored in our laboratory database.Materials and methodsWe extracted data from laboratory information system, for the results obtained by automatic haematology analyser in capillary blood of 154 boys and 146 girls during pre-school medical examination. Data distribution was tested, and logarithmic transformation was applied if needed. Reference intervals were calculated by the nonparametric percentile method.ResultsReference intervals were calculated for: RBC count (4.2-5.4 x10¹²/L), haemoglobin (114-146 g/L), MCH (25.0-29.4 pg), MCHC (321-368 g/L), RDW-SD (36.1-43.5 fL), WBC count (4.5-12.3 x10⁹/L), neutrophils count (1.7-6.9 x10⁹/L) and percentage (29.0-69.0%), lymphocytes count (1.6-4.4 x10⁹/L) and percentage (21.9-60.7%), PLT (165-459 x10⁹/L), MPV (8.1-11.4 fL) and PDW (9.2-14.4%). Gender specific RIs were calculated for monocytes count (male (M): 0.2-1.6 x10⁹/L; female (F): 0.1-1.4 x10⁹/L) and percentage (M: 2.5-18.3%; F: 1.8-16.7%), haematocrit (M: 0.34-0.42 L/L; F: 0.34-0.43 L/L), MCV (M: 73.4-84.6 fL; F: 75.5-84.2 fL) and RDW (M: 12.1-14.3%; F: 11.7-13.9%), due to observed gender differences in these parameters (P = 0.031, 0.028, 0.020, 0.012 and 0.001; respectively). Estimated RIs markedly varied from the literature based RIs that are used in the laboratory.ConclusionsIndirect method employed in this study enables straightforward assessment of RIs in pre-school children. Herein derived RIs differed from the literature-based ones, indicating the need for intra-laboratory determination of RIs for specific populations and sample types.     

Complete blood count alterations in COVID-19 patients: A narrative review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a scientific and social crisis. One of the main unmet needs for coronavirus disease 2019 is its unpredictable clinical course, which can rapidly change in an irreversible outcome. COVID-19 patients can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe. Several haematological parameters, such as platelets, white blood cell total count, lymphocytes, neutrophils, (together with neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio), and haemoglobin were described to be associated with COVID-19 infection and severity. The purpose of these review is to describe the current state of the art about complete blood count alterations during COVID-19 infection, and to summarize the crucial role of some haematological parameters during the course of the disease. Decreased platelet, lymphocyte, haemoglobin, eosinophil, and basophil count, increased neutrophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio have been associated with COVID-19 infection and a worse clinical outcome. Our study adds some novelty about the identification of effective biomarkers of progressive disease, and might be helpful for diagnosis, prevention of complications, and effective therapy.