媒介权力对体育媒体传播中女性形象的影响研究*

媒介权力作为第四种权力，影响着媒介形象的塑造。运用文献资料、逻辑分析和理论分析等研究方法，就媒介权力对女性形象的影响进行研究。研究发现，社会责任理论要求，体育媒体有必要塑造健康的女性形象。受媒介权力的正面影响，体育媒体中女性形象的塑造，表现出传播主体多元化、传播内容丰富化、传播途径多样化和传播受众理性化等特征。然而，以媒介缺位、媒介错位和媒介越位为表征的媒介权力异化，塑造了有偏差的女性形象，引发了受众对女性的不合理认知。未来受媒介权力的影响，体育媒体应在全媒介时代背景下丰富女性体育传播媒介，机会均等观念下均衡配备传播主体，性别平等理念下合理发布传播内容，培养理论视域下积极引导传媒受众，以促进体育领域性别平等观念的发展。     

Best of both worlds or refusal to comply? The rich kids of Tehran on Instagram

ABSTRACT

This article offers a textual analysis and semiotic reading of the Rich Kids of Tehran's (RKOT’s) Instagram page. Contributing to scholarship on Iranian youth media practices, this article interrogates how the RKOT navigate urban and rural space to engage in everyday processes of resistance against global and local systemic oppression. Grounding their visual representations on Instagram in historical and cultural context, the author questions how and when quotidian actions are transformed into political transgressions when posted on social media. This article emphasizes the RKOT's agency in shaping their brand by analyzing representations of gender performance, intertextuality, and national identity on Instagram.     

Sex differences in elbow and wrist joint loading during the cartwheel and round off with different hand positions performed by young gymnasts

The aim of the study was to determine if sex differences exist in the key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different cartwheel (CW) and round-off (RO) techniques performed by young male and female artistic gymnasts. Sixteen active young gymnasts (8 males and 8 females) performed 30 successful trials of CW and RO with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T-shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (3 × 2, technique × sex) and effect-sizes (ES) were used for statistical analysis. In conclusion, female gymnasts exhibited greater normalised peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF), elbow and wrist compression forces and elbow internal adduction moments during CW and RO skills compared with male gymnasts. In both sexes, the parallel and reverse techniques increased peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces and the elbow internal adduction moment. Increased elbow flexion resulted in decreased peak VGRF, elbow compression forces and elbow internal adduction moment. Injury risk factors including elbow extension and internal adduction moment with axial compression force suggest that a CW and RO in reverse and parallel techniques can be hazardous especially for young female gymnasts.     

The effect of number of siblings and birth order on educational attainment: Empirical Evidence from Chinese General Social Survey

Data from China demonstrate that the effect of the number of siblings on education is restricted by many factors, such as children’s gender, urban or rural household registration, whether there is only one child, the birth order of children within the family, and parents’ status. Chinese families have significant preferences for the eldest son and the youngest son. Moreover, research based on the natural experiment and instrumental variable approach suggests that market-oriented reform of education has increased the cost of family education expenditures since China’s reform and opening up, which further aggravates the negative impact on education of having many siblings in an urban setting.     

对我国女子体操运动员运动损伤原因的调查和分析

对近5年来我国女子体操运动员运动损伤的部位、损伤发生率及发生时期等进行了调查，找出了运动损伤的主要原因及损伤发生的规律和特点，提出了我国女子体操运动员今后训练预防受伤的措施。     

青年女子排球运动员弹跳力模型的研制

为了探索发展青年女子排球运动员弹跳力的有效途径 ,以四川青年女子排球队 9名运动员和重庆女子排球队 13名运动员为研究对象 ,对有关弹跳力的多种因素进行了相关、多元回归分析 ,进而制定出发展弹跳力的回归模型 ,为青年女子排球运动员弹跳力训练提供参考     

论女子赛艇运动的训练问题

由于赛艇男、女运动员在解剖、生理和心理特点上存在着很大差异，必须结合女子的特点进行科学地训练。本对女子赛艇运动员的力量训练、专项训练、月经期训练、饮食习惯、思想工作等问题进行了分析研究。     

高校女生血清睾酮、皮质醇、最大吸氧量及运动能力随月经周期规律性变化的特征

对高校女生血清睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)水平及VO2max等指标随月经周期而变化特征的研究结果表明：血清T、C水平、T／C值及VO2max的变化随月经周期均有一定变化规律；T／C值的波动和VO2max的波动一致。提示：女大学生存在最大运动能力变化周期，但与运动员不同，个体差异较大；其健身运动于月经周期的不同时期应有不同的安排和内容。     

对我国部分优秀女排队员跑步移动拦网技术的运动学分析

拦网是排球运动技、战术的重要组成部分。目前，在拦网技术中以双人拦网最为常见，尤其是在对方4号位的扣强攻球（即一般强攻扣球）时。其中3号位队员向2号位移动拦网是组成双人拦网的关键。应用DLT法，通过对辽宁与天津队的副攻队员在3号位向2号位移动拦网的整个动作进行分析，揭示移动拦网技术的运动学特征。探讨影响动作效果的有关运动学因素，为今后的教学和训练提供参考。     

议广告中被物化了的女性形象

女性形象在现代广告中占有极高的比例,这种现象恰恰表明了社会处于男性文化的象征秩序,以男性话语作为尺度和标准,偏执地体现着男性话语的霸权地位,反映出男人对女性形象的价值取向和审美追求,从中我们也可以看到女性的现实社会和文化状况的某些侧面。