Covid-19: Emerging Considerations for Body Sourcing and Handling. A Perspective View from Nigeria

The current Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has spread to about 220 countries of the world and has resulted in a significant number of deaths globally. Infections are still on the rise, and the impact on the global death rate could be devastating. There are fears over the likely impact of a large number of deaths on body sourcing and handling of cadavers for teaching and research. Historically, epidemics come with several challenges and have often led to some level of negligence of ethical practices and health and safety regulations associated with body sourcing and handling. The authors highlighted some emerging problems in this article, focusing on Africa and Nigeria in particular. These problems include a higher risk of coronavirus exposure for body handlers, shortage of cadavers for teaching and learning, a lack of standard regulations leading to unethical body sourcing and handling, and a lack of monitoring and collaboration needed for a well-coordinated Covid-19 pandemic response strategy. If these issues are ignored, the previous gains made in anatomical ethical practices may be destroyed. Some useful recommendations for policymaking geared toward prevention or curtailing these emerging issues have been instilled in this article.     

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

新时代我国少数民族地区体育公共服务分层治理研究

采用文献资料法等研究方法对新时代我国少数民族地区体育公共服务分层治理进行研究，旨在为提高我国少数民族地区体育公共服务质量和建设体育强国提供建议。研究认为，少数民族地区体育公共服务分层治理是基于我国社会分层的现状以及各阶层体育需求和参与特征存在的差异而采取的差异性治理方式，分层治理有"因层制宜"的意蕴，有利于促进我国少数民族地区体育公共服务均等化和改变少数民族地区体育公共服务"供给不足"和"供非所需"的困境。现阶段我国少数民族地区体育公共服务分层治理的思路包括明确少数民族地区体育公共服务分层治理主体责任、完善少数民族地区体育公共服务分层治理资金保障机制、积极探索少数民族地区体育公共服务分层供给方式、构建少数民族地区体育公共服务分层治理协商机制、建立少数民族地区体育公共服务分层供给绩效评价体系。     

A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.     

"以人为本"的大众健美操创编

“以人为本”的大众健美操成套动作的创编不仅要有一定的运动负荷，起到强身健体、减脂和塑造形体的作用，而且要因人而异能够调动人们的积极性，调节人们的情绪，使人们自觉、主动地参加健美操的锻炼。根据创编对象的需要及所要达到的目的不同，动作内容的选择上也应不同。动作组合、结构框架、音乐配备、编排顺序之间要合理，具有新颖、独特的风格与特点，能给人一种美的享受。     

女子大众艺术健身操锻炼效果的实验研究

以 6 0名 18岁以上女子为研究对象 ,采用自编的四套大众艺术健身操 ,每周进行三次练习 ,每次 6 0分钟。持续练习 8周。结果表明 :大众艺术健身操练习可以减小女子身体各部位的围度 ,具有改善女子的形体特征的作用。不仅有非常明显的减肥作用 ,而且具有增加瘦体重从而改变身体成分 ,达到增强体质的作用。对于体重超重和肥胖者 ,减肥和降体重 ,改善身体成分的作用更为显著。大众艺术健身操对提高女子呼吸系统、循环系统机能水平也有一定的作用。对提高女子的力量、灵敏性、平衡能力及反应速度等身体素质有显著的作用。     

孔令辉正手近台反冲前冲弧圈球技术的运动学分析

运用三维摄影与影片解析技术，对孔令辉正手近台反冲前冲弧圈球技术进行了定量分析与研究，第一次较完整地阐述了横拍反胶快攻结合弧圈选手正手近台反冲前冲弧圈球技术的特点与规律，结果显示，该项技术具有动作幅度较小，瞬间发力集中，回球速度快等特点。     

影响田径运动员心理变化的因素及其心理训练的方法

结合田径运动项目的特点,论述了影响田径运动员心理变化的因素及田径运动员的一般心理训练和赛前心理训练的方法,为田径运动员在训练和比赛中的心理训练提供参考。     

主动·平等·深入--简析高校师生关系现状及处理原则

概括我国高等教育的发展现状,分析师生关系中存在的具有普遍意义的问题,并进一步探索解决方法,力求通过协调双方关系,更好地为21世纪的中国培养优秀人才.     

我国球场观众暴力遏制策略的研究

采用文献资料、访谈与现场研究等方法探讨我国球场观众暴力的遏制策略问题。在介绍中外防范与治理球场观众暴力主要方法的基础上，针对我国球场观众暴力防治工作现状与问题，提出了6条遏制策略。研究结果可供政府有关部门在防治球场观众暴力时参考。