我国马拉松跑者深度休闲特质的质性研究

在"马拉松热"的背景下,对跑步参与过程中马拉松跑者的深度休闲特质进行探究。采用滚雪球抽样方式,对20名马拉松跑者进行半结构式访谈,通过质性分析软件NVivo 11.0对访谈资料进行分析。研究结果表明马拉松跑者具有深度休闲的6个特质:坚持不懈、生涯性、显著的个人努力、强烈的认同感、独特的文化、持久的收益。本研究进一步丰富了已有研究成果,其中坚持不懈中的"毅力"和"自我管理"两方面体现了马拉松项目的特点。对马拉松跑者来讲,经济回报和团队发展并不是明显的持久收益。本研究结果拓展了对我国"马拉松热"现象的理解,未来应采用定量方法进行深入研究。     

世界老将运动的发展与现状

本文介绍了世界老将运动的发展和现状。国际老将运动协会和国际老将田径协会是目前世界上最大的两个老将运动组织。国际老将运动协会1985年创立于加拿大的多伦多,同时第一届世界老将运动会也在同一城市举行。现在世界老将运动会4年举行一届,已成为世界上最大规模的综合性运动会。国际老将田径协会比国际老将运动协会有着更长的历史,它于1975年在加拿大举办了第一届世界老将田径锦标赛,至今共有16届世界老将田径锦标赛在不同的国家举行。     

评《解读河汾诸老》

刘达科解读《河汾诸老》选取了一个与金元之际文坛有密切而广泛联系的作家群体进行研究,对其文化活动、创作成就和历史地位作了全方位的考察和阐述,在资料钩沉发微、史实考订索隐和作品研读诠释方面也颇有独见,并时已当代域外的研究方法和观点来阐述、解释中国文学史现象,反映了该学术领域的前沿水平。     

Are gait characteristics and ground reaction forces related to energy cost of running in elite Kenyan runners?

The aim of this study was to determine whether gait cycle characteristics are associated with running economy in elite Kenyan runners. Fifteen elite Kenyan male runners completed two constant-speed running sets on a treadmill (12 km ·h^?1 and 20 km ·h^?1). VO₂ and respiratory exchange ratio values were measured to calculate steady-state oxygen and energy cost of running. Gait cycle characteristics and ground contact forces were measured at each speed. Oxygen cost of running at different velocities was 192.2 ± 14.7 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 12 km· h^?1 and 184.8 ± 9.9 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 20 km· h^?1, which corresponded to a caloric cost of running of 0.94 ± 0.07 kcal ·kg^?1·km^?1 and 0.93 ± 0.07 kcal· kg^?1· km^?1. We found no significant correlations between oxygen and energy cost of running and biomechanical variables and ground reaction forces at either 12 or 20 km· h^?1. However, ground contact times were ~10.0% shorter (very large effect) than in previously published literature in elite runners at similar speeds, alongside an 8.9% lower oxygen cost (very large effect). These results provide evidence to hypothesise that the short ground contact times may contribute to the exceptional running economy of Kenyan runners.     

Comment on Dissociation between running economy and running performance in elite Kenyan distance runners

Mooses and colleagues suggest that running economy alone does not explain superior distance running performance in elite Kenyan runners. Whilst we agree with the multi-factorial hypothesis for Kenyan running success, we do not believe that running economy can be overlooked to the extent that it was based on this particular study. Based on the methods used and the range of athletes tested, in this response letter we question whether this study provides any basis for downplaying the influence of running economy or suggesting that other factors compensate for it to enable superior performance.     

Introducing veteran critical theory

Research on student veterans is in an infant state. As veterans continue to enroll in institutions of higher education, researchers must explore new ways of knowing student veterans. It is not enough to only describe and model this growing demographic, researchers must also have a tool for criticism and question. The next in an important tradition of emancipatory paradigms, this article suggests a critical theory built on current critical conversations but adapted for the unique characteristics of the student veteran. The article defines the need for a critical theory (Veteran Critical Theory), explains 11 tenets for this new theory, and discusses how these tenets could be used by administrators, faculty, student affairs professionals, and students in the higher education community.     

对3000m障碍跑技术发展的探索

阐述3000m障碍跑的发展简史和基本技术特点，分析了3000m障碍跑技术新的发展态势．指出技术因素已经成为3000m障碍跑高水平运动员获胜的主要原因之一，即成为现代世界高水平3000m障碍跑比赛的致胜因素。     

高校高水平短跑运动员准备活动充分性对强度课与受伤影响的研究

通过对南京理工大学20名男、女高水平短跑运动员的研究表明,准备活动不充分是其训练、比赛中受伤的主要原因;准备活动的充分性对短跑强度课的训练质量有重要的积极意义,对短跑的影响程度与跑距成缮反比.     

中长跑运动员递增负荷间歇运动的心血管功能的变化初探

本文运用CFOCS-Ⅳ型心血管功能检测仪对12名一级以上女子中长跑运动员在自行车功率仪做递增负荷间歇运动时的心泵功能、血管功能和微循环共24个指标进行同步观察,得到运动中的各项指标的量化变化,为运动员选材评定训练效果和制定运动训练方案提供了一定的理论依据。     

Moderate-domain pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and endurance running performance

Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine if the primary time constant (τ) for oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O₂) at the onset of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise is related to endurance running performance, and to establish if τ could be considered a determinant of endurance running performance. Thirty-six endurance trained male runners performed a series of laboratory tests, on separate days, to determine maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2max), the ventilatory threshold (V_T) and running economy. In addition, runners completed six transitions from walking (4 km · h^?1) to moderate-intensity running (80% V_T) for the determination of the [Vdot]O₂ primary time constant and mean response time. During all tests, pulmonary gas-exchange was measured breath-by-breath. Endurance running performance was determined using a treadmill 5-km time-trial, after which runners were considered as combined performers (n=36) and, using a ranking system, high performers (n=10) and low performers (n=10). Relationships between τ and endurance running performance were quantified using correlation coefficients (r). Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the primary predictor variables of endurance running performance in combined performers. Moderate correlations were observed between τ, mean response time and endurance running performance, but only for the combined performers (r=?0.55, P=0.001 and r=?0.50, P=0.002, respectively). The regression model for predicting 5-km performance did not include τ or mean response time. The velocity at [Vdot]O_2max was strongly correlated to endurance running performance in all groups (r=0.72 – 0.84, P < 0.01) and contributed substantially to the prediction of performance. In conclusion, the results suggest that despite their role in determining the oxygen deficit and having a moderate relationship with endurance running performance, neither τ nor mean response time is a primary determinant of endurance running performance.