Gender differences in performance in mathematics at the end of lower secondary school in Italy

The paper deals with the investigation of gender differences in performances in mathematics for Italian students at the end of lower secondary school. The study is based on a new large-scale assessment test developed and administered by the National Evaluation Institute for the School System. Given the evidence in the literature which favors males, performances of female and male students are compared using different approaches. Scores proposed by educational experts based on item subgroups were considered, while a model-based approach was used within item response theory. The results revealed a significant advantage to males in overall performance, while no meaningful differences were observed with respect to item domain and type. An interpretable item map was developed crossing expert opinions with IRT abilities, and plausible proficiency levels were defined. According to the map-based student classification, a relatively lower percentage of females fell into the highest proficiency groups with respect to males.     

Screening of phonological awareness in the early elementary grades: an IRT approach

The purpose of the present study was to explore the possibilities for the assessment of growth in phonological awareness of children in kindergarten and first grade. Phonological awareness was measured using four sets of items involving rhyming, phoneme identification, phoneme blending, and phoneme segmentation. The results of an exploratory factor analysis and analyses conducted within the framework of item response theory showed one latent ability to underlie the different sets of items, which nevertheless differed in difficulty. Analyses in terms of the children’s ability further showed the phonological awareness measures to be sensitive to growth. The amount of information supplied by the different sets of items depended on the children’s level of ability. The conclusion that it is possible to accurately monitor the development of children’s phonological awareness in the early elementary grades appears to be justified, and this possibility opens up new perspectives for the early screening for reading problems and dyslexia.     

中外田径短跨类项目项群演进特征的对比研究

结合田径运动自身的项群特点以及当今世界田径运动的发展趋势,以1999--2008年世界和中国历年年终排名前十位运动员的短跨类项目运动成绩为研究对象,运用文献法,数理统计法和比较分析法,通过对世界和中国田径运动10年内的这动成绩进行研究和对比,找出中国和世界田径运动发展存在的差异,总结规律,为中国田径运动的快速发展提供理论参考。     

关联规则的增量更新算法研究

关联规则是数据挖掘领域的一个重要分支。随着数据库的不断变化,关联规则的增量更新变得尤为重要。为了更好地对关联规则进行有效的更新,对已经提出的经典的关联规则更新算法FUP和IUA算法进行分析,指出其优缺点;提出了一个改进的关联规则算法PFUP。该算法减少了候选项集数目,从而减少扫描数据库D的次数,提高了效率。     

Development and Validation of a Multimedia-based Assessment of Scientific Inquiry Abilities

The potential of computer-based assessments for capturing complex learning outcomes has been discussed; however, relatively little is understood about how to leverage such potential for summative and accountability purposes. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a multimedia-based assessment of scientific inquiry abilities (MASIA) to cover a more comprehensive construct of inquiry abilities and target secondary school students in different grades while this potential is leveraged. We implemented five steps derived from the construct modeling approach to design MASIA. During the implementation, multiple sources of evidence were collected in the steps of pilot testing and Rasch modeling to support the validity of MASIA. Particularly, through the participation of 1,066 8th and 11th graders, MASIA showed satisfactory psychometric properties to discriminate students with different levels of inquiry abilities in 101 items in 29 tasks when Rasch models were applied. Additionally, the Wright map indicated that MASIA offered accurate information about students’ inquiry abilities because of the comparability of the distributions of student abilities and item difficulties. The analysis results also suggested that MASIA offered precise measures of inquiry abilities when the components (questioning, experimenting, analyzing, and explaining) were regarded as a coherent construct. Finally, the increased mean difficulty thresholds of item responses along with three performance levels across all sub-abilities supported the alignment between our scoring rubrics and our inquiry framework. Together with other sources of validity in the pilot testing, the results offered evidence to support the validity of MASIA.     

对我国帆船、帆板运动项目发展的整体思考

本文认为,要尽快提高我国帆船、帆板的竞技水平,必须合理进行项目布局,改革训练与竞赛体制,建立科技先导型运动队。     

中小企业选择技术创新项目的方法研究——以评价技术创新效果的视角

正确选择合适的技术项目,对于中小企业成长和发展而言至关重要。以评价技术创新效果为切入点,提出应该从技术创新效率和经济效益两方面,评估技术项目的可行性。通过建立效率评价模型、效益评价模型以及相应的评价指标体系,并制定相关评价准则,总结出一套评价技术创新效果的方法。     

论本科教学中题库建设的意义及质量评价体系

本文结合作者在题库建设中的实际工作,对本科教学中的考试题库建设的意义、作用,以及题库建设中需要重视的难点做出了综述,并对题库的深入应用、题库的质量评价指标做出了探讨。     

我国“命中类无设防型”项群优秀人才流动性分析

本文以计划经济与市场经济两个时期为研究背景,探讨了我国“命中类无设防型”项群优秀人才的分布和流动情况,指出计划经济时代优秀人才资源的流动主要以“垂直流动”为主;缺乏“平行流动”;“国际流动”具有选择性;“职业变动”呈现单一性。改革开放以后,优秀人才资源是在“垂直流动”基础上加快了“水平流动”;而“国际流动”频繁;“职业变动”多样。最后提出该项群进一步发展的建议。     

科研论文:广东省2021年高考地理试题创新的主要源泉

广东省2021年高考地理试题创新性的主要动力源泉是科研论文。研究科研论文的来源期刊、主办单位、期刊影响力,并深度分析试题的基础性、创新性、德育性等因素,在研究成果的基础上,采取可行性的研发策略,详细分析两类科研论文研发创新试题,深化一核四层四翼的核心素养考查,可为高考命题和中学教学提供参考。