对体育教学实践中教学难点的认识

体育教学难点是教学过程学生掌握知识、技术、技能的“拦路虎”,它主要是根据学生的实际情况而产生的。通过对教学难点概念的理解,寻找教学难点的产生原因,以及攻克教学难点所采取的措施3个方面进行阐述,以使体育教学更具有针对性。     

关于男子自由体操发展趋势的研究

以37届世锦赛团体、全能和单项决赛运动员为对象，从D组以上技巧动作的难度、类型和连接，以及完成动作的质量等方面，对当代男子自由体操发展趋势作了比较系统的研究，另对我国男队与世界各国的差距也作了简要分析。     

图书馆规章制度执行中的尴尬与困顿

图书馆规章制度是建立和维持图书馆的正常秩序、保证图书馆功能正常发挥的必要手段。但由于其自身存在的某些局限性,造成了执行过程中的种种尴尬与困顿,文章通过对具体事例的剖析来说明存在的问题,旨在引起同行们的重视。     

公共治理视野下公共图书馆的经费问题

经费短缺是公共图书馆发展的瓶颈。政府拨款是图书馆的主要经费来源。但图书馆是公共物品，公众的事务公众办。争取政府较多的投入要靠公众对图书馆治理的参与。解决公共图书馆经费问题要实现从行政依赖的“图书馆管理模式”向公众参与的“图书馆治理模式”转型。通过图书馆立法、健全图书馆行业组织、公众参与图书馆治理等几方面努力，改善图书馆的法治环境，解决图书馆财政困难，实现公众参与的和谐社会目标。     

关于中小型公共图书馆生存与发展的思考

文章分析了中小型公共图书馆面临的生存状况，提出了生存与发展的应对措施，尤其是应走联合、共享的发展之路。     

Exploring an intervention’s impact on everyday school activities

The focus of this paper is on a group of pupils with reading and writing difficulties who have been participating in an intervention study using assistive technology. That intervention study contained supervised training sessions with reading and writing tasks using an iPad with special supportive applications. The current study is a qualitative investigation of whether there has been any transfer from the intervention, to the pupils’ everyday school activities. Interviews with pupils and their teachers and observations during classroom lectures have been used to collect data. The results show that the pupils were positive to the assistive technology (the applications on the iPads), they found the apps easy to learn how to use and they appreciated the benefits they could give. Even so, only a few of the pupils had found use for and continued to use the tools after the intervention period finished. Possible reasons are that when the novelty wore off, students reverted to their usual study habits and that older students with many teachers and different classrooms were less able to adapt to using the apps. To improve transfer, it is suggested to introduce assistive technology earlier to students, in the younger grades, before study habits have been formed and to inform teachers about the use of AT in the classroom, including what is available and how it can benefit students.     

‘They think that if you're a teacher here … you're not clever enough to be a proper teacher’: the courtesy stigma experienced by teachers employed at schools for pupils with behavioural,emotional and social difficulties (BESD)

A wealth of literature has identified that children with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties (BESD) and their families are frequently stigmatised due to the perceived controllable and ‘invisible’ nature of this special educational need (SEN). Yet little research has considered the impact of this stigma on another group of individuals, educational practitioners employed in BESD schools. This is despite these professionals working in close contact with pupils with BESD, a heavily stigmatised group, on a regular basis. This paper therefore, details a study which explored perceptions of stigma specifically with educational professionals employed in schools for pupils with BESD. Semi‐structured interviews with nine practitioners (including head teachers and class teachers with additional responsibilities) were conducted, all of whom had worked within the BESD sector for at least 10 years, with data being analysed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings revealed how educational practitioners employed in BESD schools experienced courtesy stigma, with many not being perceived as ‘proper’ teachers due to a discourse of care surrounding BESD. Other professionals reported much confusion from their mainstream colleagues and other individuals about how they could want to work with such ‘challenging’ pupils. This courtesy stigma was linked to the wider stigma surrounding BESD schools, which were often ignorantly perceived to be full of ‘bad boys’ or ‘absolute horrors’. This paper concludes by considering the implications of these findings for policy and practice, and provides recommendations for addressing the identified stigma towards practitioners employed in BESD schools.     

How can children with mild literacy difficulties be supported at the transition to secondary school? A small‐scale quasi‐experimental study

There is evidence that pupils with weak literacy skills struggle on transition to secondary school. Many experience a drop in attainment in the summer break between the two. A British government‐funded programme of rigorously designed research on boosting literacy at transition had (by 2015) found only four of 15 interventions evaluated had positive effects. This small‐scale quasi‐experimental study investigated the effectiveness of support for pupils with mild literacy difficulties on transition to secondary school. Thirty‐two pupils in three schools were involved; half received the programme. Pairs were matched on reading, spelling, age and gender. Intervention was designed around the individual needs of each pupil, focusing variously on language skills, writing, reading and spelling. The group receiving the programme made modest gains in spelling, reading efficiency and single word reading. The comparison group lost ground, relatively, in all three areas. The results suggest a promising line for more rigorous investigation.     

Exploring the work and learning stories of para‐teachers in a college for further education in England

This paper reports findings from a research project which developed and introduced the Enhanced Learning Support Assistant Programme (ELSAP). This was a source of professional development for learning support assistants who were supporting students with additional learning needs in a college for further education in England. The purpose of this paper is to share findings from the project and to report on how learning support assistants experienced their work in inclusive college classrooms. The research project was a mixed methods study with participants drawn from learning support assistants within one college for further education in England. Data was collected throughout the 14‐week intervention. Findings indicate that issues exist around the uniqueness of the vocational curriculum and the implications this has for classroom support. It also shows how conflicting classroom procedures can generate feelings of confusion and how learning support workers often feel lonely in their role with no natural opportunity to mix with others. Furthermore, it indicates how a general lack of knowledge about teaching and learning contribute to them experiencing difficulty when performing their role which feed their views that a college for further education can be a complex and hostile environment to work in.     

中国:加入WTO与改革的新阶段

中国加入WTO，开放进入新阶段，改革也进入新阶段。开放倒逼改革是改革新阶段的突出特点。在开放的倒逼下，混合所有制经济的发展、国有垄断部门及服务业的改革进程、以行政审批为重点的政府改革大大加快。政府改革成为改革新阶段的重点之一。加入WTO，政府下一步的改革面临四大转变：从政府主导型经济向市场主导型经济转变；从优先经济目标向优先社会目标转变；从审批型经济向服务型经济转变；从行政控制体制向依法行政型体制转变。结构性改革成为改革新阶段的主要难点。加入WTO，结构性改革面临五大任务：经济体制改革同经济政策的关系；产权制度改革同收入分配政策的关系；稳健的金融体制改革同货币政策的关系；城市与农村经济改革的关系；经济体制改革和政治体制改革的关系。