我国优秀男子跳高运动员起跳阶段摆动腿技术的运动学研究

背越式跳高起跳技术主要由起跳腿的蹬伸技术与摆动腿的摆动技术所组成。目前,大多数人们集中于跳高起跳的"蹬伸"技术研究,对起跳阶段的"摆动"技术研究相对较少。文章运用现场技术录像和运动图像解析的方法,对我国优秀男子跳高运动员在起跳阶段摆动技术进行解析研究,结果表明:我国优秀男子跳高运动员起跳前摆动腿最大缓冲幅度比较大;在起跳阶段摆动腿蹬离瞬间,摆动腿膝关节角度变化较小。背越式跳高起跳过程中的摆动腿缓冲阶段,身体重心的高度、摆动腿膝角的变化情况与助跑水平速度的损失有显著性相关。助跑最后一步摆动腿的伸膝角度、伸膝速度与起跳腿着地时摆动腿的摆动速度、摆动腿离地后的最大摆动速度都有高度的相关性。

A kinetics Study on the Swing Technique of Chinese Excellent Male High Jumpers during the Takeoff Stage

The takeoff skill of Fosbury flop mainly composes of the push technique of the takeoff leg and the swing skill of the swing leg.Recently,most people focus on the push technique study about the takeoff of the jump,but there isn’t much research on the swing technique during the takeoff stage.This research applies SIMI Motion to the kinetics analysis on the swing technique of the Chinese excellent male high jumpers during their takeoff stage.The results of the research indicate:the maximum cushion amplitude of the swing leg before the take off is comparatively big;during the moment of the swing leg’s taking off;the angle of its knee joint only has a small change.During the cushion stage of the swing leg in the taking off of the Fosbury flop,the height of the body weight,the changes of the knee angle of the swing leg and the loss of the horizon speed of the run-up are obviously relevant.In the last step of the run-up,the angle of the knee stretching,the speed of the knee stretching,the swing speed of the swing leg during the takeoff leg’s touching ground process,and the maximum swing speed of the swing leg after its taking off the ground are highly related.