年龄对结果反馈时间点适宜值的影响

采用二维轨迹追踪任务探讨年龄对结果反馈(KR)时间点适宜值的影响。抽取150名右利手的18～22岁、35～39岁、60～64岁各50人,分为3组(每组男女各25名)。三组受试者分别在5种KR反馈条件下,练习两维轨迹追踪任务3天,每天练习30次。第3天练习结束后休息10min,3组受试者进行无KR保持测试。一天后,再进行无KR的保持测试。结果显示:(1)年龄影响延迟KR在运动技能学习中的作用;(2)年龄与KR时间点适宜值存在相互作用,随着个体年龄的增长,年龄与KR时间点适宜值之间呈现U型关系,即延迟4s提供KR利于中年组个体自身觉察错误能力的形成,而即刻提供KR利于青年组和老年组个体自身觉察错误能力的形成。以上结果还提示,自身觉察错误能力形成发展的趋势与个体生长发育的规律相吻合。

The Effect of Age on the Temporal Locus of Knowledge of Results

This study examined the effect of age on the temporal locus of knowledge of results. 150 subjects were divided into three groups: youth(18-22 years), middle age (35-39 years) and agedness(60-64 years). During three days of training, three groups performed the tracking task under five different augmented feedback conditions. Retention tests of tracking accuracy in absence of KR were administered 10 min and 24 hours following acquisition. And the results showed that: (a)the age affects the role of delayed KR in motor learning, (b)with the age increased the relationship between the age and the optimal temporal locus of KR presents inverse U, i.e. the optimal temporal locus of KR for the middle ages is delayed 4s after the action is completed, whereas that for the young peoples and the old peoples is immediate. Furthermore, the results indicated that development of subjective error-detection capabilities is in accordance with the principles of individual growth.