非经济要素分配与体育职业决策模型:行动视角下的校园足球人才流失问题

以行动视角透视校园足球精英人才的选拔培养，有别于目前主流的制度建设叙事逻辑，聚焦行动者在关键期的职业决策造成的人才流失问题。基于择业动机理论建构了本土的体育职业决策模型，通过内在效价、市场效价、社会效价、体制效价、职业期望值和付出成本等六个要素，分析了后备精英的职业决策过程机制。发现：非经济要素的分配情况决定着精英群体的职业流向，并影响了经济要素分配的合法性。因此单凭借鉴足球发达国家个人素质和职业市场相匹配的制度模式不足以解决中国社会竞技足球人才的流失问题，关键在于校园足球精英培养的制度设计需要重新考量非经济要素的分配均衡，提升职业足球发展路径中的名声评价、社会地位、榜样荣誉、制度保障等职业要素，从根本上解决校园足球后备人才的流失问题。

Distribution of Non-economic Factors and Sports Profession Decision Model: Research on Talent Loss of Campus Football from the Action Perspective

The selection and training of campus football elite talents from the action perspective is different from the current mainstream narrative logic of system construction. It focuses on the talent loss caused by the actors'' career decisions in the critical period. This paper constructs a local sports career decision-making model based on the theory of career choice motivation. And it analyzes the career decision-making process mechanism of the reserve elite through six elements: intrinsic value, market value, social value, system value, career probability and cost. It is found that the distribution of non-economic factors determines the occupational flow of elite groups and affects the legitimacy of economic factor distribution. Therefore, it is not enough to solve the problem of the competitive football talents loss in China by drawing on the institutional model that matches the personal quality and professional market of deve- loped football countries. The key is that the institutional design of campus football elite training needs to reconsider the distribution balance of non-economic factors. To improve the professional factors such as reputation evaluation, social status, model honor, and system guarantee in the path of professional football development to fundamentally solve the problem of the loss of campus football reserve talents.