回到物理学史--追寻科学原创之思

物理学的原创之思只有在历史的真实中才是富于生命的，对它的研究引人入胜，富于启发。科学史中有几个问题，笔者萦环于心，久久未得解答，而一旦找到答案，恰如“柳暗花明又一村”，豁然开朗，感悟颇多。今将其中三个问题作为“公案”公诸于下，愿为引玉之砖，与同行切磋。这三个问题是：1、自古希腊以来天文学的水晶球体系是何时、如何突破的？这牵涉到经典力学体系建构的历史起点问题。2、解决热力学中的汤姆逊问题——焦耳实验与卡诺理论矛盾的是谁？如何解决的？这关系到热力学两大定律的理论奠基问题。3、爱因斯坦与玻尔争论的根源何在？或许，这些问题将把我们引向——不仅是对未来科学的发展，而且也是对科学哲学及其发展方向的更为深刻的沉思。

Returning to the History of Physics -- Contemplation on Tracing the Scientific Originality

An inquiry into history is both engaging and enlightening,and only in the verity of history can the reflection on the originality of physics gain vigor.This author has been long haunted by some questions about the history of science.However,answers to such questions,once found,breathe insight into the mind and enlight- en the thinker.This paper publicizes three cases,wishing to attract valuable opinions from peer researchers.The three questions are:1.When and how was the crystalline spheres system in astronomy broken through?This ques- tion concerns the historical starting point of the construction of the classical mechanics system.2.Who solved the Thomson problem in thermodynamics,i.e.the contradiction between Joule experiment and Carnot theorem?And how was it solved?This question relates to the theoretical foundation on two laws of thermodynamics.3.What is the origin of Einstein-Bohr controversy?This question might lead us not only to the future development of science,but also to a more profound meditation on the philosophy of science and its future direction.