气象灾害对中国特殊类型地区贫困的影响

解决特殊类型地区贫困问题是中国精准扶贫战略的重要议题。本文采用国家统计局对全国贫困县的46 704户农户的调查数据分析了气象灾害对中国特殊类型地区贫困的影响,结果表明气象灾害对农户收入有明显负向影响,且对农业和非农业收入有双重抑制性,对贫困户的影响大于非贫困户。分析发现,农户的主要生计资本特别是人力资本对其抵御气象灾害风险有明显的积极作用。从政策上看,这意味着应通过免费农业技术和气象防范知识培训和提高农村劳动力的教育水平强化农村人力资本,建立区域性减灾防范机制,为贫困农户提供气象灾害保险和气象信息支持,调整扶贫瞄准机制和精准帮扶政策,调整生态补偿标准,强化贫困人口稳定脱贫的能力。

The effects of meteorological disaster on poverty in special areas of China

Poverty reduction in special areas has been recognized as an important issue in the national precise poverty alleviation strategy in China. Based on data from 46,704 rural households collected by the National Bureau of Statistics in special areas,we analyzed the influences that meteorological disasters have on rural poverty in special areas in China from the angle of sustainable livelihood capital. The results indicate that meteorological disasters significantly decrease the income of farmers in special regions and that meteorological disasters have negative effects on agrarian and non-agrarian income for farmers. The impacts of meteorological disasters on poor households are relatively greater than those of non-poor households. The livelihood capital,especially human capital that farmers possess obviously has positive impacts on fighting with meteorological disasters. From a policy perspective,it means that enhancing poverty reduction steadily should be achieved by means of carrying out free training for farmers,improving rural education levels to reinforce the rural human capital of poor households,constructing regional disaster-defense systems,offering agricultural insurance or family property insurance,and providing meteorological information support for migrant workers. There is a also a great need to adjusting the targeting system of poverty alleviation which plays a vital role in pushing forward poverty alleviation policies. Regulating the policy of precise poor helping mechanism is of great significance and bettering ecological compensation policy will be a terrific helper in alleviating poverty. Governments should strengthen poverty reduction strategies steadily by adopting the measures suggested here.