1～6岁健康儿童行走步态特征分析

随着身体发育情况的变化,幼儿在不同年龄阶段会呈现出不同的行走步态特征。为了指明正常幼儿步态发展的基本特征,为幼儿身体锻炼和患病幼儿的步态诊断以及治疗提供定量依据。通过运动解析方法获得幼儿不同年龄阶段步态特征变化的运动学数据,研究结果发现:3岁以前支撑期较长,单腿支撑时间比成人短,随着月龄增加单腿支撑时间呈增加趋势;2岁以前幼儿的双足支撑期远大于成人10%的水平,5岁左右双足支撑时间与成人接近;1岁半以前,髋、膝、踝关节没有明显的缓冲和蹬伸特征,幼儿的步态基本以全脚掌着地为主;2岁以后,步态开始稳健,髋、膝关节参与缓冲和蹬伸,3岁以后踝关节开始积极的参与缓冲和蹬伸。

The Gait Kinematics Analysis for Healthy Infant Aged from One to Six

With the change in the body growth,infants have different gait features at different ages.In order to show the basic characteristics of gait development of healthy infant and provide the quantitative basis for physical exercises of infant as well as gait diagnosis and treatment of abnormal children,this paper used the image analysis system to obtain kinematics parameters of gait changes at different ages.The result showed that leg supporting time of children under three years old was longer than that of adults.And single-leg supporting time was shorter than that of adults.With the grown of age,the single-leg supporting time tended to increase.Double-leg supporting time of children under two was far longer than that of 10% of the level of adults.Double-leg supporting time of the children aged five was close to the adult’s.Before one and half years old,there was no obvious cushion and extend characteristic for hip,knee and ankle joint.The supporting mainly relied on the entire foot on the ground.After two years old,the gait became to steady and the hip,knee joint participated in cushion and extension.Three years old later,ankle joint also started to participate in cushion and extension.