城乡义务教育阶段学生学业差距研究——基于教育公平的视角

对义务教育而言,努力缩小城乡义务教育阶段学生学业差距是义务教育均衡发展的应然目标。通过对C、Y、H三县学生2010年初中毕业生会考成绩进行比较分析得出,城乡学生在平均分、合格率和优秀率上均存在程度不一的差距。我们认为,造成这种差异的原因主要包括城乡学生家庭环境的差异、学前教育及学校教育质量的差距等。要缩小这种差距,一是加强农村社区资源建设,大力发展农村学前教育;二是创建城乡教师交流制度,加大农村教师队伍建设力度;三是大力推进农村学校小规模化及小班化教学,提高学校教育教学质量。

On the Educational Achievement Gap between Urban and Rural Students in Compulsory Education Stage --From the Viewpoint of Education Fairness

Taking into consideration the education fairness, as well as the widespread methods for education assessment in the countries all over the world, reducing the gap between educational achievements of urban and rural students in the compulsory education stage is invariably the target of balanced compulsory education development. Based on the comparative analysis of Junior School Graduate Test results in county C, Y, and H in 2010, we find that there are various differences in average scores, passing rates and excellent rates. The differences are largely due to different family environment, and the gap between urban and rural pre-school and school education quality. The way of reducing the gap between educational achievements of urban and rural students in the compulsory education stage is to strengthen the resource construction of rural communities and vigorously develop pre-school education, to create the exchange system of urban and rural teachers and make greater efforts into the construction of rural teachers, and to popularize the small-scale rural schools and the small class teaching.