基于政策工具与创新价值链双重视角的科技成果转化政策国际比较研究

在政策工具和创新价值链双重视角下,本文选取美国、欧盟、日本、韩国和以色列五个国家的科技成果转化政策作为研究对象,比较分析五个国家在政策手段和目的上的特点与差异,以期为中国科技成果转化政策的完善给予政策指引。结果表明,五个国家的供给型政策工具和环境型政策工具存在过溢现象,需求型政策工具运用不足。在推动创新价值链各环节中,不同国家在不同环节的侧重点有所不同,同一环节运用的政策工具类型存在较大差异。美国、日本和以色列等国家在研究开发阶段运用的政策工具比在商业化与产业化阶段来得多,欧盟和韩国的情况则相反,但五个国家在生产试验阶段运用的政策工具都最少。

The Comparative Analysis of International Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Policy based on Policy Instruments Perspective and Innovation Value Chain

In the dual perspective of policy instruments perspective and innovation value chain,this article selects the transformation of scientific and technological achievements policy of the United States, EU, Japan, South Korea and Israel as the object, analyzing comparatively the characteristics and difference in the policy approaches and objectives. The research shows that supply-type policy instruments and environmental policy instruments are overflow,and demand-based policy instruments are insufficient. In the process of promoting innovation value chain, different countries have different emphasis in different aspects, and the types of policy tools in the same process are different. the United States, Japan and Israel use more policy at the research and development stage than those at the commercialization and industrialization stage, at the same time ,the opposite is true in the EU and South Korea. However, the policy tools used at the production testing stage are the least in five countries.