山东省耕地利用综合效益的时空分异特征

90年代末期我国进入了工业化城市化发展大量占用耕地时期。伴随着低效利用和环境污染再加上结构调整的压力，我国耕地面积绝对减少，从而使得我国粮食总产于2003年降至近20年来的最低点。这一变化再次引起国内外对我国粮食安全问题的普遍关注。解决问题的有效办法就依靠技术进步，实现耕地利用模式的转变——集约利用。本文在可持续发展理论的指导下，用因子分析法，尝试性地提出了耕地利用综合效益测度的指标体系并应用于我国沿海地区山东省的案例研究，对不同区域耕地利用综合效益时空差异状况进行了数量分析。分析结果表明：近十年来耕地利用综合效益运行的平稳性较差：一些地区在波动中实现了耕地利用模式的升级，而另外一些地区则逆转为粗放型或耗损型；目前多数发达地区耕地利用模式仍属粗放型。研究的政策启示是：新时期中央政府对耕地的利用和保护政策应从“数量型”向“效益型”转变，引导耕地利用走向集约化。

Comprehensive Efficiency of the Cultivated Land Utilization: A Case study in Shandong Province

Our country has been in the time when the industrialization and urbanization makes the trend of cultivated land conversion irreversible since the end of 90's. Inefficient utilization of land resources and soil contamination has led to the decrease of cultivated land and the quantity of food per capita. People at home and abroad have paid close attention to the food security again. The effective measure to deal with these problems is to improve land utilization efficiency through technological innovation. This paper tries to put forward the indicators for analyzing the Comprehensive Efficiency of the Cultivated Land Utilization by the principal component analysis, and on the basis of comprehensive benefit, tries to put forward the standards for discerning the patterns of the cultivated land utilization by cluster analysis, and the Comprehensive Efficiency of cultivated land use in Shandong Province have been evaluated. The results show that the stability of cultivated land use is poor. The land use patterns in some areas are improved associated with a fluctuated feature, but in other areas there is a deteriorated trend in land use pattern. At present, many developed areas are on the track of extensive land utilization. It is suggested that the central authorities should take measures to ensure the economic benefits while not compromising ecology benefit and human welfare. In the main grain production areas, in order to improve the ecology benefit, it is better to apply chemicals and fertilizer scientifically, strengthen the construction of the irrigation and water conservation infrastructure on the base of maintaining the present better ecology benefit. Meanwhile, it is necessary to continue to implement the agriculture supporting policy in the main grain production areas and bring a further increase of the economy benefit to realize the increases of the agriculture production and the farmers' income, to achieve the national macroscopic grain security goal.