税收和补贴政策对R＆D效率和规模的影响——理论与实证研究

 从激励理论的角度出发分析了税收和R＆D成本补贴政策对企业R＆D活动规模和效率的影响。理论分析表明，税收的存在会弱化企业努力投入激励并降低了R＆D活动的期望收益，从而既不利于提高R＆D活动的效率，也不利于扩大R＆D活动规模；而在R＆D成本实行同一所得税抵扣政策下，政府对企业R＆D投入的直接补贴政策是激励中性的，它虽然无助于提高R＆D活动效率，但可以有效提高R＆D活动规模。利用我国14个高技术行业1995－2008年面板数据进行的实证检验支持了上述理论结论。进一步证明，改变现行的R＆D成本同一所得税抵扣政策为差别抵扣政策可以提高社会福利。

A theoretical and empirical study on the effects of taxation and subsidy policies on the R&D efficiency and scale

The paper analyses the effects of taxation and R&D subsidy on the R&D scale and efficiency from the perspective of incentive theory.Theoretical analysis shows that taxation would weaken the companys efforts and reduce the expected return of R&D activities,which is neither conducive to enhancing R&D efficiency nor expanding the scale of R&D activities.Under the uniform income tax credit for R&D costs,the direct R&D subsidy policy is incentive neutral,although it does not help to improve the efficiency of R&D,but can effectively expand the scale of R&D activities.These theoretical conclusions are confirmed by an empirical test by using 14 high-tech industries panel data from 1995 to 2008 in China.Furthermore,the paper proved that changing the existing uniform income tax credit policy to discrimination income tax credit could improve social welfare.