土地确权、土地投资与农户土地规模经营——基于不完全契约视角的研究

农村土地确权在一定程度上解决了承包制的不完全契约特性,将剩余控制权配置给土地投资决策相对重要的农民,必然深刻影响土地流转投资、关系专用性投资和农户土地规模经营。本文利用中国健康与养老调查数据库2011年、2013年和2015年数据,对土地流转和土地规模经营的样本进行分类回归,经验验证发现,确权使农户转出土地意愿提高,转出土地面积增多,转出价格升高;确权对不同类农户转入土地面积的影响有差异,确权提高了转入面积在0.2hm²以下和0.6hm²以上农户的转入,抑制了转入面积在0.3~0.6hm²农户的转入,解释了确权是否推动土地流转的研究争议。确权推动了农户土地规模经营,对经营面积0.6hm²以上农户的影响更为显著。交互项回归结果验证了确权通过作用于农户土地流转投资、土地关系专用性投资,进而影响土地规模经营的机制。控制实验的结果表明,确权对不同地区、地形的农户土地规模经营影响有差异,确权显著提高了经营面积在0.6hm²以上、东部平原地区农户的土地规模经营水平。

Land entitlement,land investment,and farmer land scale management from an incomplete contract perspective

Entitlement of the rural land ownership to some extent would solve the incomplete contract characteristics of the contract system and allocate the residual control to land investment decisions, which inevitably affects the land transfer investment, the relationship between the special investment and the scale of land management of farmers. Based on the data of 2011, 2013, and 2015 from the China Health and Poverty Investigation Database, this study classified and regressed the samples of land turnover and land-scale management. Empirical results showed that the willingness of rural households to move out of land increased and the area of land transferred out also increased. The price of the land also increased. The right to different types of farmers into the land area exhibited a different impact. As an illustration, the land entitlement improved the transfer of an area of 0.2 hm² below and the transfer of 0.6 hm² above of farmers, inhibited the transfer area of 0.3-0.6 hm². The transfer of farmer households implies the controversy over whether the right to do so would facilitate the transfer of land. Farmland entitlement has initiated an impetus to the large-scale operation of land for farmers and has made a significant impact on large-scale management of 0.6 or more households. The regression results of the interactive items validated the mechanism that confirms the right to affect the scale operation of land through influencing the land-transfer investment of farmers and the land-specific investment. The findings of the control experiment demonstrate that the ownership of the land has different impacts on the scale management of the farmers in different regions and terrain. The power of land consolidation has significantly improved the land-scale management of farmers with a management area of over 0. 6 hm² in the eastern plains.