心理账户、享乐编辑与灌溉水价——来自四川省灌区农民的调查分析

分析农民对灌溉水价的内隐心理决策机理是理解农民的水费支付行为,以及解决灌溉水价现存问题的关键切入点之一。本文首次以行为经济学中关于主体经济决策的心理账户(MA)与享乐编辑(HE)理论对农民灌溉水价的心理决策机理做了理论分析,提出了两个研究假说,并以四川省的调查数据进行了验证与讨论。结果表明:灌溉水价的问题可通过提高水价和增加收入这两个方案的综合配套来解决。由于农民受MA影响,增加收入方案可将现行的暗中补贴改为明补,并设置成为国家专立的直接补贴农民的灌溉水价补贴项目;由于农民受HE规则影响,对两方案间分离实施的时间跨度与先后顺序、相对大小关系、实施频率与方式以及适用区域等都有特定要求,并且两方案在实施时的时间维度和空间维度上需以反享乐编辑规则对农民进行反向激励,本文均对其做了讨论与分析,最后还指出了进一步研究与创新的方向。

Mental Accounting,Hedonic Editing and Irrigation Water Pricing:Evidence from Farmers in Sichuan

Examining farmers' inner psychological decision-making mechanisms regarding irrigation pricing is a crucial point for interpreting irrigation water payment behavior and resolving problems in irrigation pricing in China. Three issues in irrigation pricing in China are that the price is too low,the subsidy scheme is unreasonable and the payment rate is too low. Resolving these problems requires increasing prices,reforming subsidy frameworks and increasing payment rates respectively,however,the core issue is how to enforce aforementioned programs in practice. Here, we investigate the psychological decision-making responses of farmers to irrigation pricing by applying mental accounting and hedonic editing theories from behavioral economics,and propose two relative propositions which are then tested and discussed using survey data from Sichuan. We found that increasing price and income programs can be implemented complementarily and comprehensively to address the above issues. Nonetheless,owing to the impact of mental accounting,the income program can be reached by reforming existing irrigation subsidies from implicit to explicit and setting up the income program exclusively as an irrigation water pricing subsidy item paid to farmers directly. Thanks to the impact on hedonic editing,when enforcing both programs special conditions are needed regarding the size relationship,sequence and time span in terms of separate enforcement,implementation patterns,frequency and available regions. Both programs should be adversely designed according to the rules of anti-hedonic editing at temporal and spatial levels.