效率与公平辩思--兼谈"效率优先,兼顾公平"

人们往往在两种含义上使用公平概念,即理想化状态的平等和各个历史阶段上的具体内容上的公平.这两种不同意义上的公平与效率的关系是不同的.前者与效率是目的和手段的关系,与效率应保持平衡;后者与效率相随而生,是效率的前提和务件,与效率是统一的.因此,后者包含在效率优先之中,是效率可持续提高的保证,而“兼顾公平”中的公平是指其理想化状态上的平等.这对于正确认识和处理改革中的公平与效率问题具有重要意义.

A Discussion on Efficiency and Equity--Being Subordinate to Efficiency, Giving Consideration to Fairness

The notion of fairness is often used in the following two meanings: the idealized fairness and the specific fairness at different stage of history.I n these two meanings,the relationship between fairness and efficiency is different.The idealized fairness is the aim of efficiency and efficiency is the way to realize the idealized fairness.They two are balanced with each other.While the fairness in the latter sense come into being with efficiency,it is the premise for efficiency,and they are union.Therefore,the fairness in the latter sense is subordinate to efficiency and it ensures the growing of efficiency.The fairness in "giving consideration to fairness" refers to the idealized one.All these mentioned here are quite significant in understanding and coping with the relationship between fairness and efficiency in the course of reformation.