春秋时期秦国与东方各国卿大夫阶层之比较

春秋时期,东方各国的官僚集团都是世袭的卿大夫,他们世代为官,拥有私人武装和封地,具有相当大的独立性。而地处西陲的秦国,虽然也有庶长这样颇有权势的武官,但是其官僚中却未见有东方各国那样独立性很强的世袭卿大夫。卿权的薄弱就意味着君权的加强。至战国时期,商鞅变法的彻底成功正是依赖于秦国君权的强大。东方各国虽然也采取措施削弱卿权,但由于世卿的势力根深蒂固,仍有很大的保留,因此,在改革发展的道路上一直存在着更多的羁绊。

A Comparative Study of the Qing Tai Fu Between the Qin Kingdom and Other Eastern Principalities in the Spring and Autumn Period

In the Spring and Autumn period,the Bureaucratic groups of the Eastern principalities were made up of hereditary Qing Tai Fu.They were in power from generation to generation,with private arms,fief and considerable independence.The Qin Kingdom,located in the far west,although with the powerful military officer like Shuzhang,however,never saw the independent Qin officials like those in the Eastern principalities.Weakening the official's power means the strengthening of the monarchical power.Till the Warring S...