音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分与骨密度的影响*

目的:比较音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分及骨密度(BMD)的影响.方法:采用双能X线吸收法和生物电阻抗法对232名岭南师范学院音、体、美、舞蹈及普通专业大一女生体成分和骨密度进行测试.结果:①体育生和舞蹈生腰臀比、体脂百分比低于音乐生、美术生与普通生,而体重、肌肉量却高于音乐生、美术生与普通生;音乐生与美术生的体重高于普通生,具有统计学差异(p＜0.05).②体育生和舞蹈生前臂骨和跟骨的骨密度值均高于音乐生、美术生与普通生;美术生跟骨骨密度高于音乐生与普通生,差异具有统计学意义(p＜0.05);体育生前臂骨跟骨骨密度与普通生比分别高出,13.63％,22.31％.结论:音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分和骨密度的影响各有不同:经常参与体育与舞蹈锻炼,能增加去脂体重,有效提高骨密度;音乐与美术专业教育对女生形体美的塑造有一定作用,但却不能有效提高去脂体重和骨密度、减少体脂量及体脂在腰部的堆积.

Influence of Professional Education of the Departments of Music, Sports, Fine Arts and Dance on Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density of Adolescent Female College Students

objective: to compare the different influence of professional education of Music, Sports, Fine Arts and Dance on adolescent girls'' body composition and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: to text body composition and bone mineral density of 232 freshman girls from the departments of Music, Sports, Fine Arts, Dance and other departments in Lingnan Normal University using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance. Results: (1) the girls'' waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage in the departments of Sports and Dance are lower, but the girls'' weight, muscle mass are higher than that in the departments of Music, Fine Arts and others departments; the girls'' weight in the departments of Music and Fine Arts is higher than that in other departments with statistical difference (p < 0.05). (2) the mineral density values of Forearm bone and calcaneus in the departments of Sports and Dance are higher than that of the departments of Music, Fine Art and other departments; the mineral density values of calcaneus in the departments of Fine Arts is higher than that in the departments of Music and other departments, differences statistically is significant (p < 0.05); comparing with other departments, the mineral density values of Forearm bone and calcaneus in the departments of Sports are higher than that in other departments, points respectively 13.63%, 22.31%. Conclusion: the influence of professional education of the departments of Music, Sports, Fine Arts and Dance to adolescent girls'' body composition and bone mineral density is different: regularly sports and dance can increase lean body mass and improve the bone mineral density effectively; the professional education of Music and Fine arts can shape physical beauty, but it can''t effectively improve lean body mass and bone mineral density, and can not reduce body fat mass and accumulate body fat to the waist.