黄土高原丘陵沟壑区乡村可持续振兴模式

新中国成立以来,黄土高原生态治理取得了举世瞩目的成就,但局部地区人-地-粮食矛盾日益凸显。2018年中央一号文件提出"关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见"。文章结合多年的研究基础,剖析了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区社会可持续发展面临的问题与挑战,提出了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的可持续振兴模式:生态、生产与社会耦合发展,即山顶削峁建盆地,发展果业和药材生态园;山腰构建草灌复合生态系统;山下适当治沟造地发展设施农业;小流域源头科学建设水库,为山上药果园区和设施农业提供滴灌水源,从而构建黄土高原丘陵沟壑区山水林田湖生态景观格局。为建成治理有效、生态宜居、产业兴旺、生活富裕、乡风文明的黄土高原丘陵沟壑区社会主义新农村提供范式。

Sustainable Model of Rural Vitalization in Hilly and Gully Region on Loess Plateau

The great achievements of ecological construction have been made on Loess Plateau since the founding of the People''s Republic of China, but the contradiction among population, farmland and grain production has become increasingly prominent in some regions. Document No. 1 of the Central Committee put forward "Opinions on the Implementation of the Strategy of Rural Revitalization" in 2018. On the basis of our many research and previous reference analysis, here we put forward the sustainable revitalization model of hilly and gully region on the Loess Plateau:namely, the coupling development model of ecology, economy, and society, i.e. cutting hilltops to build basins for developing fruit industry and traditional Chinese medicine of ecological gardens; constructing grass-shrub complex ecosystem on the hillside; developing facility agriculture under hills for proper gully control and ditch construction; and scientific construction of reservoirs at the small watershed to provide source of drip irrigation water for agriculture production such as medicine-fruit garden and facility. Therefore, all these measures are foundations for building a new socialist countryside in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, which is effective in governance, ecologically livable, prosperous in industry, rich in life, and civilized in rural style.