20世纪文学叙事形态与文化环境关系论纲

如果我们把＂五四＂时代称为思想启蒙时代,把30年代到80年代末称为革命时代,而90年代以后称为后革命时代,那么在20世纪的文学版图上,＂五四＂文学是在西方启蒙文化的视阈中实践着教育国民与改造国民性的文学目标,从20世纪20、30年代开始,到80年代末,各类政治文化对文学起着规范与制约的作用,这一时代尽管社会形态发生了巨大变化,但从社会治理意识而言却是在革命理念覆盖之下,文学也就顺应着这一政治文化形态发生着各种形态的叙事变化。而90年代以后,则是商业文化对于文学发挥着主导作用,文学叙事形态也发生了全新的变异,随着商业文化的旋律扭动着自己的腰肢。总体而言,20世纪文学叙事形态与文化的关系密切而重要。从启蒙时代到革命时代的转变带有某种急迫或不得已的特征,文学叙事形态也在这种急迫与无奈中发生转型。而从革命时代到后革命时代则是主流政治顶层控制的结果,是20世纪中国社会政治文化与文学发展到一个特定的时刻所发生的政治文化对于商业文化的主动让渡,而此时的商业文化也正好适应了政治文化的变化需求,因而这种让渡又带有某种共谋色彩。

The Relationship between Narration Forms and Cultural Environment of Literature in the Twentieth Century

In the 20th Century literature,the May Fourth Literature was aimed at the enlightenment and reforming of then Chinese people with the help of western culture.From the 1920s and 1930s to 1980s,various political cultures played a role of regulation and restraining.Though the social pattern changed a lot at that time,social governance was covered by revolutionary concepts.Accordingly,literature complied with the trend of politics and took various narration forms.After 1990s,commercial culture played an important role in the development of literature,and narration forms changed a lot.Generally speaking,the narration forms were close in relation to culture.The transference from enlightenment period to revolutionary period is of reluctant sign,and the transference from revolutionary period to post-revolutionary period was controlled by the mainstream politics.