拳种与村落:武术人类学研究的实践空间

我国体育人类学的发端肇始于对传统体育的研究,但不能忽视的是:运用文化人类学理论和方法对中国武术的研究却异常薄弱. 前期相关武术理论的研究和探讨,大都以历史学、民俗学为框架和导向,注重参与观察的人类学理论的介入也仅仅大都停留于对其必要性的理论阐述,武术的文化人类学研究几乎近于一个盲区,少而无力. 论文在梳理我国体育人类学研究进展的基础上,提出了运用文化人类学对我国武术文化进行研究的构想:(1)乡土村落:引入文化人类学的研究范式的独有视窗;(2)武术拳种:与村落武术研究交相辉映的微观个案;(3)固定的村落与流动的拳种:构筑与交织中国武术研究的文化版图.

Boxing Type and Village: The Practice Space of Wushu Athropology

China's sports anthropology originated from traditional sports studies, but the studies of Chinese Wushu u-sing cultural anthropology theory and methods are unusually weak. Most of previous studies on the relevant theo-ries of Wushu use the framework and orientation of history and folklore. Anthropology theory featuring participa-tion and observation is seldom used unless necessary, therefore the cultural anthropological research of Wushu is almost a blind spot. Based on a review of sports anthropological studies in China, the paper puts forward three dimensions of Wushu culture studies to which cultural anthropology can be applied: ( 1 ) Native villages: a u-nique window to which the research paradigm of cultural anthropology can be applied first; ( 2 ) boxing types:micro cases of Wushu studies, equally important like village Wushu studies;(3) immovable villages and mova-ble boxing types:the cultural map of Chinese Wushu studies.