坡地资源合理利用对山区小流域生态经济系统影响

该文以北京市西南山区蒲洼小流域为研究对象，在调查、收集、实测该小流域综合治理期间其坡地资源利用、生态环境、社会经济等资料的基础上，采用层次分析法和模糊综合评判法，以系统、综合、动态的观点分析了坡地资源合理利用对该小流域生态经济系统的影响。结果表明，示范区农、林、牧用地比例由治理前的1∶13∶5调整为1∶6.0∶5.1后，使土地利用率由原来的50.4%提高到97.7%；土壤侵蚀模数由治理前每年的905t/km²下降到226 t/km²；地表径流量由853.4×10⁴m³减少到542.5×10⁴m³，降低了34.63%；每年可减少径流泥沙2.65×10⁴t；水土流失治理率达86.9%。农、林、牧人均纯收入由1990年的347元/人提高到1996年730元/人，提高了110.37%。农村经济总收入1990年为678.7×10⁴元，1996年实现了5708.3×10⁴元，是1990年的8.4倍。总之，经过5年～6年的治理后，浦洼小流域的生态经济系统水土流失得到治理，径流泥沙大幅减少，土地生产力提高，农民收入增加，抵御自然灾害能力增强，已基本达到了持续、稳定和协调发展的状态，表明优化土地利用、合理调整农村产业结构有利于山区小流域生态经济系统的稳定和持续发展。

Impact of Smart Slope Land Use on Eco Economic System of Small Watersheds in Mountainous Area

Taking Puwa watershed located at southwestern mountainous area in Beijing as a case, this paper systematically analyzes impact of smart land use in small watershed management on Eco economic systems of slope land in mountainous area, and methods of Contrast, AHP, Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation based on field survey and collection of land resources, eco environment, social and economic data of the watershed are used in this research. A demonstration area is selected to test the measures of wise land use and their impact on eco economic system. The contrast study shows that, through readjustment of land use pattern from 1∶13∶5 to 1∶6∶5.1 of agriculture, forestry and pasture, land use efficiency rises from 50.4% to 97.7% and the soil erosion per square kilometer per year drop down from 905 t to 226 t. In the period of small watershed management, soil and watererosion has lessened 86.9%, with the surface runoff has lowered from 8.534 million m³ to 5.425 million m³, a 34.63% drop, and 26 500 tons of sediment drops on the year base. The income per capita comes from agriculture, forestry and pasture rose to 730 Yuan in 1996, a 110.37% increase from 347 Yuan in 1990. The total Income of the small watershed has jumped to 57.083 million Yuan in 1996, 8.4 times than that of in 1990. In general, after nearly 5 years of comprehensive watershed management based on optimal use of land resources, soil erosion was almost controlled, sediment amount from surface runoff lessened significantly, land productive efficiency dramatically raised, farmers income increased, resisting capacity of agricultural system to natural disasters reinforced and the stable and sustainable development of the Eco economic systems of small watershed witnessedsimultaneously. It suggests that rational use of land resources and readjustment or restructuring of land use patterns be a good way to consolidate small watersheds in the respect of eco economic system development.