人力资本视域下农村大龄留守女性职业培训问题研究

农村大龄留守女性是我国城镇一体化进程中的特殊群体。从事农村繁重的劳动和维系家庭的和谐平稳、推动新农村基本建设和经济发展、承受生活窘迫和堪忧的健康状况是这类群体的基本生活现状;而职业技能结构单一、精神压抑、情绪焦虑、缺乏安全感、维权和自我保护意识不足是农村大龄留守女性的主要特征。通过深入分析和全面梳理当前有关各方对这一特殊群体开展职业培训中存在的各种突出问题,从人力资本的视角提出要构建强化政府主体责任和彰显公益性的培训经费保障机制,推出"量体裁衣"的职业培训设计,同时加强宣传引导,激发农村大龄留守女性参与职业培训的主体意识和行动自觉等方面的有效策略。

Research on Vocational Training of Rural Older Left-behind Women in the Perspective of Human Capital

Rural elderly left-behind women are a special group in the process of urban integration in China.The basic living conditions of these groups include working hard in rural areas,maintaining a stable family,promoting the construction of new rural areas and economic development,and enduring living distress and worrying physical conditions.Unskilled occupation,mental depression,emotional anxiety,insecurity,rights protection and lack of self-protection awareness are the main characteristics of left-behind women in rural areas.This paper also analyzes the significant problems in the process of vocational training for this special group,and then proposes to build effective training strategies from the perspective of human capital that strengthen the government's main responsibility,reveal the commonweal training funds input mechanism,launch"high culture"and"lowbrow"vocational training design,strengthen positive energy publicity and guidance,stimulate the subjective consciousness and behavior consciously of older left-behind women to participate in the training.