汉字假借性质之历时考察

汉字假借在各个历史阶段的性质、历史地位、产生原因、使用状况、对汉字系统的影响都很不相同,有必要进行历时考察。先秦汉字假借的实质标示了汉字表音化的运动方向;东汉以后假借衰落,形讹字、类化字必须与文字假借严格分开;唐代民间手头字中的文字假借是真正意义的写别字,与先秦假借性质不同。进行假借性质的历时考察,有利于科学理清汉字发展的趋势、准确判定汉字的性质、科学展示汉字发展的历史,帮助典籍的阅读和理解,并为现代汉字简化、文字改革提供理论参考。

A Diachronic Study of Jiajie in Chinese Characters

Jiajie（假借） in Chinese characters exerted different effects on Chinese character system in different historic periods for their different features, historical status, causes of its emergence, use and thus a diachronic study is necessary. The essence of Jiajie in the Pre-qin Chinese characters identified the logophonetic movement. In the Donghan dynasty it declined, but we must differentiate it from the Xing Ezi（形讹字）, Lei Huazi（类化字） strictly. Jiajie of folk Shou Touzi （手头字）in Tang dynasty is real writing Bie Zi（别字） that has different properties compared with that in the Pre-qin Dynasty. The investigation on the properties of Jiajie（假借） diachronically helps to study the developmental trend of Chinese characters, judge the property of Chinese characters exactly, show the history of the development of Chinese characters scientifically, help reading and understanding the literature, and provide reference for simplifying and reforming the mod- ern Chinese characters.