现状、原因、对策：中国政府公共服务的地区差距研究

中国政府公共服务的地区供给及其绩效处于一种不平衡状态,呈现出由东向西递减的格局。探究当代中国公共服务地区差距的原因,应当从两个视角综合分析：一是中央视角,即中央政策的地区性倾斜以及“地方梯度分权”是导致公共服务地区差距的重要因素;二是地方视角,即公共服务的地区差距既源于地区间自然条件、区位、历史因素、经济发展、思想观念等方面的差异,又源于地方政府的发展偏好、政策能力以及地方政府间的竞争。这就决定了这一问题的解决应当从中央和地方两方面入手：明确中央政府与地方政府职责,理顺政府与市场、社会、企业的关系;将中西部地区公共服务建设作为区域协调发展战略的重心;尽快建立以均等化拨款为基础的财政转移支付制度;加强地方政府间的合作,制定符合本地实际、具有协作互补功能的地区发展战略,规范地方政府之间的竞争。

The Current Status, Causes, Countermeasures: A Research on the Regional Disparity of Chinese Government Public Services

The regional supply and the progress as well as effect of the Chinese government public services is in a imbalance status,taking on a degressive structure from the east to the west.The approach of the regional disparity of Chinese government public services should be from two points of view： one is the point of view of the central government,that is to say that the regional incline of the policies of the Central government and the ＂local grads decentralization＂ are the important element of the regional disparity of Chinese government public services;and the other is from the point of view of the local government,that is to say that the regional disparity is also originated from the differences of the natural conditions,locations,historical elements,economic development and thinking concept of the different regions.This means that the issue should be solved by both the central and local government by defining the duties and responsibilities of both the central and local government,arranging the relations between the government and the market,society,enterprises,taking the construction of the public services of the central and western areas as the prominent part of the regional concerted development dtrategy,building as quickly as possible the finance transfer payment system based on the equal appropriate funds.Finally it is necessary to strengthen the corporation between the local governments,to make regional developing strategy accord to the local practice and with the function of cooperation and mutual complementarity and to regulate the competition between the local governments.